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KC > 4A Iceland and Indonesia > Flashcards

4A Iceland and Indonesia Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

AC case study

A

Iceland

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2
Q

EDC case study

A

Indonesia

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3
Q

Population of Iceland

A

364,260

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4
Q

Population of Indonesia

A

273.5 million

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5
Q

Population density of Iceland

A

3 per km^2

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6
Q

Population density of Indonesia

A

151 per km^2

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7
Q

HDI Iceland and literacy rate

A

0.949 and 99%

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8
Q

HDI Indonesia and literacy rate

A

0.718 and 96%

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9
Q

Why do people in Iceland choose to live in tectonically active locations?

A

Access to geothermal energy, tourism/ recreation, micro-organisms, and primary industries

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10
Q

What percentage of homes will be heated by geothermal energy in Iceland the future? (reasons to live near volcanic areas in Iceland)

A

92%

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11
Q

How is geothermal energy is provided by volcanoes in Iceland? (reasons to live near volcanic areas in Iceland)

A

Where magma is close to the surface, groundwater turns to steam which can be used to drive turbines. Develops energy cheaply, renewably and sustainably

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12
Q

Where have homes been heated by geothermal energy in Iceland since 1969? (reasons to live near volcanic areas in Iceland)

A

Dalvik

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13
Q

Which town is the only one in Europe to have an active high-temperature geothermal area in its centre and what is this used for? (reasons to live near volcanic areas in Iceland)

A

Hveragerdi since 1929 has used geothermal energy for 650 individual homes and 50,000m squared of greenhouses

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14
Q

How much money has Iceland saved because of geothermal energy and what is the environmental benefits? (reasons to live near volcanic areas in Iceland)

A

Saved the country $8.2 billion between 1970 and 200. Air pollution levels are significantly lower in Iceland with 37% saving in carbon dioxide emissions in 2003

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15
Q

Where and how many swimming pools are heated by geothermally energy, providing tourism/ recreational opportunities? (reasons to live near volcanic areas in Iceland)

A

13 swimming pools in Reykjavik, including the Blue Lagoon

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16
Q

How many visit the Blue Lagoon each year? (reasons to live near volcanic areas in Iceland)

A

4,000 guests a day with 354,000 visiting during 2005

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17
Q

Benefits of tourism/ recreation (reasons to live near volcanic areas in Iceland)

A

Provides a need for tourist infrastructure which creates jobs and entire new industries (such as hotels and restaurants). Also provides unique opportunities for those local/ visiting

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18
Q

Why can hot springs provide scientific opportunities? (reasons to live near volcanic areas in Iceland)

A

There are unique micro-organisms and enzymes in hot springs such as thermophillic micro-organisms which can then be used in high-tech industries

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19
Q

Where is geothermal heat used to dry things like seaweed allowing primary industries to thrive? (reasons to live near volcanic areas in Iceland)

A

Reykholar and also used for fish so allows fishing industry to thrive

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20
Q

Where can pumice be found in Iceland? (reasons to live near volcanic areas in Iceland)

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A

Production is concentrated around Hekla and allows basalt/ rhyolite to be found

21
Q

Where can liquid carbon dioxide be harvested in Iceland? (reasons to live near volcanic areas in Iceland)

Study These Flashcards
A

Extracted from geothermal fluid at Haedarendi since 1986

22
Q

Why do people live in tectonically active areas in Indonesia?

Study These Flashcards
A

Religious/ spiritual reasons, fertile soils, and tourism

23
Q

What is the name of the group who live at Mount Merapi and see it as a place of spiritual significance? (reasons to live in volcanic areas in Indonesia)

24
Q

Who was the “gatekeeper” of Mt Merapi? (reasons to live in volcanic areas in Indonesia)

Study These Flashcards
A

Mbah Maridjan

25
What did Mbah Maridjan do? (reasons to live in volcanic areas in Indonesia)
Told locals not to evacuate due to the belief in Mt Merapi's spiritual significance. This lead to the deaths of 350 in 2010 who followed him
26
How does volcanic ash improve farming in Mt Merapi? (reasons to live in volcanic areas in Indonesia)
The volcanic ash creates fertile soils which are full of minerals. Locals 5km from Merapi are able to grow up to 3 rice crops each season
27
How many visit Mount Merapi each year? (reasons to live in volcanic areas in Indonesia)
Borobudur in Central Java experienced an increase from 500 people a day to 1,000 people a month after Merapi erupted in 2011, providing a need for tourist infrastructure
28
How many were living in the area around Eyjafjallajokull? (impacts that people in Iceland experience as a result of volcanic eruptions)
2,700 in 2010
29
How many cattle farmers and their families were evacuated after E15? (impacts that people in Iceland experience as a result of volcanic eruptions)
500 local
30
What were cattle farmers advised not to do after E15? (impacts that people in Iceland experience as a result of volcanic eruptions)
Not let their cattle drink out of the water as ash had contaminated it, puts a strain on their personal economic state as they have to source alternative water
31
How many made homeless from 2010 Mt Merapi eruption? (impacts that people in Indonesia experience as a result of volcanic eruptions)
200,000
32
What happened to schools during the Mt Merapi 2010 eruption? (impacts that people in Indonesia experience as a result of volcanic eruptions)
Schools were closed for up to a month meaning over 150,000 children missed out on education
33
How many flights were cancelled due to E15 and how much did this cost? (economic impacts of eruptions on the country)
100,000 flights cancelled and an estimated cost of £3 billion
34
Jokulhlaup and farming (economic impacts of eruptions on the Iceland)
Vast areas were flooded due to the glacial melt leading to a whole year of crops to be lost
35
What caused the Iceland GDP to slow in 2010? (economic impacts of eruptions on Iceland)
People were asked to stay indoors due to the ash in the air which meant they couldn't go to work or make money
36
Iceland GDP 2007 vs 2010 (economic impacts of eruptions on Iceland)
$21 billion in 2007, $13 billion in 2010
37
What percentage of Indonesia GDP comes from tourism? (economic impacts of eruptions on Indonesia)
4.1%
38
How much did Mt Merapi 2011 eruption cost Indonesian government due to property/tourism damage? (economic impacts of eruptions on Indonesia)
$781 million
39
How many active volcanoes in Indonesia? (economic impacts of eruptions on Indonesia)
130, with a large volcanic eruption every 3.6 years (sometimes even less)
40
How many tonnes of carbon dioxide released by E15? (environmental impacts of eruptions on Iceland)
150,000 tonnes each day of eruption
41
How many tonnes of carbon dioxide saved from entering the atmosphere due to cancellation of flights from E15? (environmental impacts of eruptions on Iceland)
1.3 to 2.8 million tonnes
42
What metal stimulated the growth of which carbon dioxide fixing organism due to E15 eruption? (environmental impacts of eruptions on Iceland)
Release of iron stimulated phytoplankton growth at 15-20% larger than normal. Phytoplankton important role in fixing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
43
What altitude did ash plumes reach in the 2010 Mt Merapi eruptuon reach? (environmental impacts of eruptions on Indonesia)
18km and up to 30km away from the volcano
44
How many hectares of forest affected by the Mt Merapi eruption effect and what does it do to the greenhouse effect? (environmental impacts of eruptions on Indonesia)
200 hectares of forest and increases the greenhouse effect as sunlight is reflected onto earth
45
What is a positive long-term effect of the 2010 Mt Merapi ash plumes? (environmental impacts of eruptions on Indonesia)
Fertilization of the soil, which benefits the farmers
46
Where were rivers and soil damaged by lahars/ pyroclastic flows in 2010 Mt Merapi eruption? (environmental impacts of eruptions on Indonesia)
Cangkringan and Kemalang
47
Concerns of high PM2.5 levels (environmental impacts of eruptions on Indonesia)
Can be unsafe for people for breathing problems and contributes to air pollution
48
How much money was saved by the Icelandic government through using geothermal energy and what benefit does this bring? (political impacts of eruptions on Iceland)
Between 1970 and 2000 the government saved $8.2 billion which can be re-invested into developing Iceland
49
How might disruptions to 100,000 flights during E15 cause political tensions? (political impacts of eruptions on Iceland)
Polticial tensions between countries over who is responsible/ gets compensation for disruption to air travel

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