4LE samplex Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
Which transverse planes is used in dividing the abdomen into four quadrants?
A
Transumbilical
2
Q
Which transverse planes is midway between the manubrium sterni and the symphysis pubis?
A
Transpyloric
3
Q
What structures attach the rectus abdominis muscle to the anterior layer of the rectus sheath producing the bulging of the muscle forward when tensed in muscular people?
A
Tendinous intersections
4
Q
A mass in the liver may be palpable in which of the nine regions of the abdomen?
A
Right hypochondrium
5
Q
anterior abdominal wall layer:scrotal layer pair
A
Internal Oblique:Cremasteric Fascia
6
Q
Which of the following statements is true of the external oblique muscle
A
Its thickened anterolateral aponeurosis forms the inguinal ligament
7
Q
Profuse bleeding may occur if a surgeon inadvertently cuts through which umbilical fold
A
Lateral umbilical fold (it has the inferior epigastric vessels)
8
Q
The inguinal (Hesselbach’s) triangle is found in which peritoneal fossa
A
Middle inguinal fossa
9
Q
Which structures is/are found within the rectus sheath
A
look for it
10
Q
- Which of the following statements is true of the formation of the rectus sheath
A
Below the arcuate line, the anterior wall is formed by the aponeurosis of the external oblique, internal oblique, and the transversus abdominis muscle and the posterior wall is formed by the transversalis fascia
11
Q
- The intricate venous plexuses in the subcutaneous tissue of the abdomen drain superiorly into which of the following vessels
A
Lateral thoracic veins
12
Q
- Blood vessels and nerves in the anterior abdominal wall are located between
A
Internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles
13
Q
- An infection of the superficial anterior abdominal wall below the umbilicus may most likely affect which of the following lymph nodes
A
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
14
Q
- Which ligament is composed of the deepr fibers of the inguinal ligament that attach superiorly to the superior pubic ramus?
A
- Gimbernat
15
Q
- Choose the correct wall of the inguinal canal:structure relationship
A
Posterior wall:Transversalis Fascia
16
Q
- The herniating bowel passing through the deep inguinal canal in cases of indirect inguinal hernias will also be passing which of the following
A
a. Lateral to the inferior epigastric artery
17
Q
- The structures that divide the mouth into vestibule and oral cavity proper is/are
A
Teeth and alveolar processes
18
Q
- Which of the following palatal muscles is innervated by the mandibular nerve
A
. Tensor veli palatini
19
Q
- Which esophageal constriction corresponds to the narrowest and least distensible part of the alimentary tract
A
Cricopharyngeal
20
Q
- Which of the following statements best describes the esophagus
A
c. It is located between the trachea and vertebral column in the superior mediastinum
21
Q
- Which of the following statements is true about the stomach
A
The posterior surface forms the anterior wall of the omental bursa
22
Q
structures are related to the lesser curvature of the stomach
A
- Gastric canal - L and R gastric arteries - Anterior and posterior vagal trunks
23
Q
- The major duodenal papilla is located at the posteromedial aspect of which portion of the duodenum
A
Descending
24
Q
- A patient required emergent surgery due to intra-abdominal bleeding. One liter of blood was evacuated and a “hole” was found in the posterior wall of the stomach due to peptic ulcer. Which blood vessel would most likely have been eroded by the gastric juice
A
Splenic artery
25
25. Which of the following features best describe the Jejunum
Long vasa recta
26
26. Which flexure is held in place by the Ligament of Treitz
Duodenal-Jejunal
27
27. Which of the following structures would be devascularized if the superior mesenteric artery is occluded
a. Ascending colon
28
28. Which features of the large intestine cease at the recto-sigmoid junction
a. Haustra b. Omental appendices c. Taenia coli
29
29. Choose the correct part of the large intestine characteristic relationship
a. Cecum is widest
30
30. Clinically, a patient with internal hemorrhoids may present with
. Painless mass during digital rectal examination
31
31. Transition of the parasympathetic innervation of the alimentary tract occurs at the
- Left colic flexure
32
32. The terminal branches of the superior mesenteric vessels are found in the anal
a. Columns
33
33. Which portions of the alimentary tract has/have dual blood supply coming from the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery
a. Duodenum
34
34. The submucosal venous plexuses in the abdominal esophagus drain into the portal vein via which gastric vein?
a. Left gastric vein
35
35. Which of the following structures is crossed by the root of the mesentery
a. Horizontal part of the duodenum
36
36. Which of the following structures is/are found in the lip?
a. Glands
37
37. The esophageal glands are found in which of the following layers?
Submucosa
38
38. Which of the following papillae is closely related to the von Ebner’s glands?
Vallate
39
39. Which of the following parts of the tooth contains glycosaminoglycans, Type I collagen fibers and 70% hydroxyapatite?
b. Dentin
40
40. Which of the following features is not seen in the esophagus?
a. Brunner’s glands in the submucosa
41
41. The lining epithelium of the stomach is best characterized as
a. Simple columnar
42
42. Which of the following muscle layers comprise the muscularis externa of the stomach
b. Outer longitudinal, inner circular and inner oblique
43
43. Which of the following statements best describes the pylorus histologically
Pit:gland ratio is 2:1
44
44. Anemia (low hemoglobin levels) may occur if which of the following enteric cells is affected
c. Parietal Cells
45
45. Among the different portions of the small intestines, which of the following structures/features is/are found only in the duodenum
d. Submucosal glands
46
46. Which of the following layers make up a villus
a. Epithelium and lamina propria
47
47. Which of the following features are best seen in the Jejunum?
Numerous tall and slender circular folds
48
48. Auerbach’s plexus, a part of the enteric nervous system, is seen in which layer of the small intestines
. Muscularis Externa
49
49. Simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells and numerous aggregated lymphatic nodules is seen in which segment of the alimentary tract
b. Appendix
50
50. The taenia coli represent which histological layer of the muscularis externa
a. Outer longitudinal
51
51. At the ano-rectal junction, epithelium changes from simple columnar with goblet cell to
. Stratified squamous, non-keratinizing
52
52. Which part of the enteric nervous system is seen in the submucosa of the large intestines
. Meissner’s Plexus
53
53. Which of the following liver organization structures emphasizes bile flow
c. Portal lobule
54
54. Which of the following is/are the major tributary veins of the portal vein
b. Superior Mesenteric c. Splenic
55
55. Which of the following is true regarding hepatic segmentation
b. Transverse hepatic veins subdivides 3 of the 4 primary divisions creating 6 hepatic segments
56
56. Which of the following structures divide/s the liver into anatomical right and left lobes
b. Falciform ligament
57
57. Blood supply to the liver comes from which of the following vessels?
Hepatic artery Portal vein
58
58. Which of the following portocaval anastomoses is the most dangerous complication of portal hypertension
c. Esophageal varices
59
59. A pathologist was examining a section of the liver parenchyma of a patient with congestive heart failure. He noticed a particular area which showed centrilobular necrosis. At which particular zone of the hepatic acinus was he looking
c. Zone 3
60
60. The spiral folds which regulate the filling and emptying of the gall bladder are found in
d. Cystic duct
61
61. Which of the following statements is true about the gall bladder
b. Its mucosa is lined by simple columnar epithelium and microvilli
62
62. The main pancreatic duct opens into a dilatation in the wall of the duodenum called
a. Ampulla of Vater
63
63. A first year student has difficulty locating the beginning of the portal vein. He should best be looking for it beneath which portion of the pancreas
b. Neck
64
64. Which structures constitute the initial portion of the intercalated duct of the pancreatic acini?
a. Centroacinar cells
65
65. Which of the following arteries supplying the head of the pancreas comes from the gastroduodenal artery?
. Superior pancreaticoduodenal
66
66. Which of the following statements is true regarding the submaxillary gland?
b. Its duct emerges from the deep portion of the gland
67
67. Which of the following best characterizes the histology of the sublingual gland
. Serous cells are found only in demilunes
68
68. The left vagus nerve innervates which side/surface of the stomach after the latter has completed its rotation?
a. Anterior
69
69. What is the direction and degree of rotation of the primary intestinal loop during its return to the abdominal cavity?
180o CCW
70
70. The distal end of the foregut lies at or just below the level of
Liver bud
71
71. The peritoneal covering of the liver arises from
Septum Transversum
72
72. A 24-hour old newborn infant has not passed stool since birth. Examination revealed imperferate anus. Which of the following could have caused this abnormality?
b. Failure of rupture of the anal membrane
73
73. An infant was taken to the ER after being delivered at home. Examination revealed herniated loops of bowel covered by membrane. Which of the following congenital abnormalities does the patient most likely have
c. Omphalocele
74
74. Which of the statements is true regarding gastroschisis?
c. Protusion of the abdominal contents directly into the amniotic cavity
75
75. A 6-month old infant presented with an enlarged abdomen, mucoid stools and vomiting. Plane abdominal xray revealed dilated colon. What could have caused this condition?
a. Absence of the parasympathetic ganglie in the bowel wall
76
During a game, a 23-year old football player was hit from behind just below the ribs on his left side and was pinned to the ground. After being hit, he complained of severe pain on the left flank and was immediately taken to the hospital. Urinalysis showed blood in his urine. Radiologic imaging revealed no fractures but hemorrhage confined to the area around the medial aspect of the left kidney. He was brought to surgery for suspected kidney laceration. Upon which posterior abdominal wall muscle does the medial side of the kidney lie? What structure would confine the hemorrhage to the area around the kidney?
Psoas muscle Renal Fascia of Gerota
77
78. A distinguishing feature of the proximal convoluted tubule is the presence of:
a. Brush border
78
79. Which of the following best describes podocytes
a. Glomerular endothelial cells
79
80. What arteries arise directly from the interlobar arteries
a. Arcuate
80
81. Which of the following statements best describe the juxtaglomerular cells
They are modified smooth muscles of the afferent arteriole
81
82. Which of the following structures is/are found in the renal cortex
d. Medullary rays
82
83. Which of the following statements is true regarding the prostatic urethra
b. It is the widest and most dilatable portion of the urethra
83
84. Renal calculi would most likely be arrested on its descent along the ureter in which of the following locations?
c. At the junction of the ureter and the renal pelvis
84
85. The metanephros appears in what week of intrauterine development?
d. 5th week
85
86. The left testicular vein drains directly into the:
. Left renal vein
86
87. Which of the following best describes the general arrangement of the following structures from anterior to posterior at the renal hilum?
b. Renal Vein – Renal Artery – Ureter
87
88. Referred pain from a ureteric stone on the ipsilateral lower quadrant of the anterior abdominal wall in the inguinal area is transmitted via what spinal cord segments?
. T11-L2
88
89. Which of the following nerves inhibits the detrussor muscle from contracting and increases the urethral sphincter tone?
a. Hypogastric plexus
89
90. Which of the following statements is true regarding the suprarenal glands?
b. It is highly vascularized
90
91. Which anterior abdominal wall layer provides the greates structural strength and therefore would require proper suturing during wound closure in a right lower quadrant appendectomy?
. External oblique aponeurosis
91
92. During a classic open appendectomy via RLQ incision, the structure best used to locate the appendix is the:
c. Taenia coli
92
93. When the left colic artery becomes compromised for whatever reason, viability of the descending colon is primarily maintained by the
. Marginal artery of Drummond
93
94. In laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the surgical clips are applied close to the gall bladder to avoid ligating which of the following structures?
a. Common bile duct
94
95. Rebound tenderness on the examination of a patient with acute abdomen is suggestive of
d. Peritoneal irritation
95
96. Which of the following abdominal structures is intraperitoneal in location?
Transverse colon
96
97. Upper GI series shows intrinsic compression of the medial second part of the duodenum with widening of the duodenal C-loop. Which of the following is most likely affected?
a. Pancreas
97
98. A patient with progressive epigastric pain shows pneumoperitoneum (free air in the peritoneal cavity on plane abdominal xray). Perforation of which of the following hollow organs would be most likely considered?
Sigmoid colon
98
99. The following locations should be evaluated when suspecting the presence of hemoperitoneum (blood in the peritoneal cavity) EXCEPT
a. Bare area of the liver
99
100. The ureter is seen as a series of discontinuous opacities in the normal intravenous pylography because of
b. Peristalsis of the ureter
