*4.PTA 200-Light Physical Agents

Question 1

basic unit of radiant energy

Answer 1

Photon

Question 2

These have specific properties

Answer 2

Waves

Question 3

The _________ of the wave is the amount of energy carried by the wave (intensity)

Answer 3

Amplitude

Question 4

is the distance from a peak of one wave to the identical peak of the next wave. Wavelengths are measured in nanometers (nm =10-9m)

Answer 4

Wavelength

Question 5

The ________ of the energy is measured by the number of cycles each second (Hertz = Hz)

Answer 5

Frequency

Question 6

As wavelength increases, frequency decreases

Answer 6

As wavelength decreases, frequency increases

Question 7

Higher frequency – Higher _________

Answer 7

Absorption

Question 8

Higher frequency, shorter wave length=

Answer 8

light has a tendency to be absorbed at a more superficial level than light of longer wavelengths.

Question 9

the angle of incidence (the direction of the light source in relation to the targeted tissue)

Answer 9

Cosine Law

Question 10

a form of dry, superficial heat

Answer 10

Infrared (IR)

Question 11

A repeated dosing of infrared may cause a mottled pigmentation called…

Answer 11

erythema ab igne

Question 12

• Heat applied without touching

- Tissues easily observed

Answer 12

Advantages of Infrared

Question 13

• Can’t treat small localized areas
• Must have accurate patient positioning
• Not as effective for pain control as moist heat

Answer 13

Disadvantages of Infrared

Question 14

• Draper states, “None due to ease of burning the patient”
• Subacute and chronic traumatic and inflammatory conditions
• Painful conditions
• Circulatory disturbances
• Superficial skin infections

Answer 14

Indications for Infrared

Question 15

Same as for therapeutic heating

-Unreliable judges (decreased cognition) and/or decreased sensation

Answer 15

Contraindications and Precautions for Infrared

Question 16

a high frequency radiant energy used to create an sub-erythemal or erythemal response via photochemical reaction

Answer 16

Ultraviolet

Question 17

• Acne vulgaris
• Chronic wounds (UVC)
• Psoriasis (UVA or UVB with psoralan medication)

Answer 17

Indications for UV

Question 18

• Photosensivity (condition, drug or food induced)
• Overdosed (UV) patient
• precancerous skin lesions
• Recent x-ray therapy
• No dose of UV radiation should be repeated until previous dose effects have disappeared

Answer 18

Precautions for UV

Question 19

• irradiation of the eyes
• Acute pulmonary TB
• Skin Cancer
• Systemic Lupus erthematosus
• Fever
• Patients receiving radiation therapy
• Cardiac, liver or kidney disease

Answer 19

Contraindications for UV

Question 20

no change in skin within 24 hrs with this dosage

Answer 20

SED (Sub-erythemal dose) (for UV)

Question 21

is the smallest dose required to produce erythema that appears within 8 hours, but is gone or barely visible at the end of 24 hours

Answer 21

MED (dose for UV)

Question 22

MED Exposure Testing

Answer 22

Erythrometer

Question 23

• Pre-treatment Assessment
• Modality Used
• Body part treated; patient positioning
• Treatment parameters (dosage, duration)
• Tolerance/reaction to treatment
• Post-treatment assessment

Answer 23

Documentation for UV

Question 24

Light
Amplification by
Stimulated
Emission of
Radiation

Answer 24

L.A.S.E.R.

Question 25

Amplifying chamber or resonating cavity Lasing medium: gas, liquid, crystal, chemical or semiconductor-each with a different wavelength. (placed in chamber) External source of energy (electrical chemical or optical) Pair of mirrors/one which is half-slivered which allows ½ the light to reflect and ½ to pass through.

Answer 25

needed to make laser radiation

Question 26

Laser light wavelengths have _____________: all the waves emitted by individual gas molecules have the same wavelength.

Answer 26

temporal coherence

Question 27

Laser light wavelengths also have ______________: all the waves travel in the same direction.

Answer 27

spatial coherence

Question 28

Monophasic – wave of = energy & 1 phase Monochromatic- 1 frequency/1 color Coherent –logically ordered nondivergent

Answer 28

Laser light

Question 29

``` Pain Management -Used in areas of low skin impedance; trigger points or acupuncture points -Intervention Dosage ~1-3 J J/cm2 Wound Healing/Tissue Repair -Intervention Dosage ~0.5 J/cm ```

Answer 29

Primary Indications for laser use

Question 30

eyes, pregnancy, malignancies, hemorrhage, within 4-6 mo. After radiotherapy, over thyroid or endocrine glands

Answer 30

Contraindicated for laser use

Question 31

LB or abdomen during pregnancy, epiphyseal plates in kids, impaired sensation, impaired cognition, photophobia or sensitivity to light, pretreatment with one or more photosensitizers.

Answer 31

Precautions for laser use

Question 32

Diathermy is heat transfer via...

Answer 32

conversion

Question 33

Higher frequency, lower wavelength Higher absorption and more superficial penetration Higher risk of burning superficial tissues

Answer 33

Microwave Diathermy

Question 34

Falls within the radio wave frequencies Lower frequency, higher wavelength Less absorption, deeper penetration

Answer 34

Short Wave Diathermy

Question 35

a swirling current that is created when a metal plate is forced through a magnetic field. Causes the movement of molecules which in turn creates heat. This takes a while, therefore diathermy treatments are fairly long.

Answer 35

Eddy currents

Question 36

means the energy source is interrupted on a regular basis, allowing for tissue cooling periods. Pulse rate, pulse duration and intensity are all inter-related. *Higher pulse length (width/duration) generates more energy to tissues (higher wattage output intensities) *Higher pulse rates (more frequent sets of pulses, less “off” time) generate more energy to tissues (higher wattage output intensities) Preset options on machine will calibrate accordingly. Decide whether you want high or low energy output and set pulses to desired amount. SEE DRAPER PG. 289

Answer 36

PULSED shortwave diathermy (PSWD)

Question 37

Indicated for acute trauma, inflammation. Purpose is to reduce edema and repair cells.

Answer 37

Nonthermal (application of PSWD)

Question 38

Indicated for subacute inflammation. Used to get nonthermal benefits with some thermal benefits.

Answer 38

Mild thermal (application of PSWD)

Question 39

Indicated for pain, muscle spasm, chronic inflammation.

Answer 39

Moderate thermal (application of PSWD)

Question 40

Indicated for stretching, elongating tissues.

Answer 40

Vigorous thermal (application of PSWD)

Question 41

``` Pacemakers Implanted electrical devices Pregnancy Cancer Metal implants Over eyes, testes, growth plates Systemic fever Infection Joint Effusion Protruded nucleus pulposus ```

Answer 41

Contraindications to all Diathermy