4th Form Exam Revision Flashcards by Anya Waterson

How does chilling help preserve food?

Slowing down the growth of bacteria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is modified atmospheric packaging?

When you modify the air that surrounds the food in its packaging to help extend shelf life

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How does freezing help preserve food?

Stops the growth of bacteria as ice crystals form around the food and protect it

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the three types of freezing and how do they work?

Plate freezing - food is frozen between two plates
Blast freezing - freezing air is blasted over irregular shaped foods
Immersion freezing - food is immersed in or spayed with liquid nitrogen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the three types of drying and how do they work?

Sun drying - dries out food before spoilage happens
Spray drying - foods are spray dried to remove all of the water
Accelerated freeze drying - food is dried under a vacuum at reduced pressure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How does heat preservation work?

High temperatures stop bacterial growth by killing the bacteria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are four chemicals for preservation?

Salt - preserves meat and fish by absorbing the water
Spices - preserves cooked meats
Sugar - stops bacterial growth, used in jams
Vinegar - acidic and used in pickles and chutney

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How does smoking preserve food?

The smoke destroys the bacteria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the nutritional needs of pre-school children?

Calcium and vitamin d - bones and teeth formation
Protein - growth and repair which is important for growing and active children
Carbohydrates - good source of energy for active and busy children throughout the day
Fibre - needed for digestion
Vitamins - seeing in the dark, skin and hair

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the nutritional needs for teenagers?

Omega 3 - brain function and brain development
Iron and vitamins c - teenage girls who are menstruating to replenish iron
Protein - growth and repair, teenagers growing during puberty
Boys need more calories than girls in general
Lots of carbohydrates as they are very active

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the nutritional needs for later adulthood?

Limit alcohol due to the sugar content
Less saturated fast as they are at a higher risk of CHD and obesity
An adult with a more active lifestyle need more carbohydrates for energy
Nutritional needs differ if the person is pregnant/breastfeeding

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the six functions of eggs

Aeration
Emulsification
Coagulation
Enrobing (coating)
Binding
Glazing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is aeration used in?

Meringues

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is emulsification used in?

Mayonnaise

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is coagulation used in?

Sponge cake

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is enrobing used in?

Chicken nuggets

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is binding used in?

Meatballs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is glazing used in?

Pastry

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What temperature do eggs coagulate at?

70*C

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How does emulsification work?

The lecithin in the yolk of eggs stabilises and thickens the mixture

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the three key macronutrients?

Fats
Proteins
Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the two types of protein?

Low biological value
High biological value

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an example of a low biological value food?

Lentils

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an example of a high biological value food?

Beef or fish

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are proteins made up of?

Amino acids

How many essential and non-essential amino acids are there?

8 essential 12 non-essential

What are complementary proteins?

Two LBV proteins that come together to make a HBV protein

Carbohydrates are the … agents of food?

Bulking agents

What are the three groups of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides

What ae carbohydrates spilt into?

Sugars Starches

What is the function of fats in the body?

Insulation Protecting vital organs Store for energy

What are the two types of fats?

Saturated fats Unsaturated fats

What are the risks with saturated fats?

High in cholesterol so can lead to heart disease and obesity

What is an example of a saturated fat?

Butter

What is an example of an unsaturated fat?

Avacados

What are the two main micronutrients?

Vitamins Minerals

What is the scientific name for vitamin C?

Absorbic acid

What is the scientific name for vitamin A?

Retinol

What is the scientific name for vitamin D?

Calsiferol

What is the scientific name for vitamin b1?

Thiamine

What is the scientific name for vitamin b2?

Riboflavin

What is the scientific name for vitamin b3?

Niacin

What is the scientific name for vitamin b12?

Cobalamin

Where are the b vitamins found?

Leafy green vegetables

Where is vitamin c found?

Citrus fruits

Where is vitamin a found?

Carrots

Where is vitamin d found?

Sunlight and fortified cereals

What is the deficiency disease associated with lack of vitamin c ?

Scurvy

What is the deficiency disease associated with lack of vitamin a ?

Night blindness

What is the deficiency disease associated with lack of vitamin d ?

Rickets

What is vitamin c needed for ?

To help your immune system To absorb iron

What is vitamin a needed for ?

Needed for good eyesight and good skin

What is vitamin d needed for ?

Needed for strong bones and teeth To absorb calcium

What are the tow most important minerals?

Iron Calcium

What is calcium needed for?

For strong bones and teeth

Where is calcium found?

Milk

What is needed for calcium to be absorbed?

Vitamin d

What is iron used for?

Making red blood cells

What does iron need to be absorbed?

Vitamin c

Where is iron found?

Red meat

What does iron help prevent?

Anemia

When is extra iron necessary?

When woman are menstruating

What is emulsification?

The process of mixing two liquids that don't naturally mix (like oil and water) into a stable mixture called an emulsion

What does sifting the flour do in bread making?

Introduces air which acts as a raising agent and helps the bread rise in the oven

What does adding warm liquid do in bread making?

Hydrates the flour And at 37*C it allows the yeast to ferment and produce CO2 Sugars are released in fermentation which the yeast consumes - creates alcohol and CO2

What does mixing and nearing the dough do in bread making?

Two of the proteins in the flour become hydrated and gluten is formed

What does proving the dough do in bread making?

Some of the starch in flour is broken down and fermented by the yeast CO2 is produced which causes the gluten to expand and makes the dough rise

What does knocking back do in bread making?

Removes large bubbles of CO2 which ensures an even texture and a better rise

What does baking do in bread making?

The dough rises as the CO2 expands Yeast activity increases at first then the yeast is killed by the heat The water is absorbed by the starch which swell and gelatinise The gluten network trap the CO2 The gluten strands are stretched which helps form the finished bread structure CO2 and alcohol are released Dextrin is formed on the outside of the bread which gives it colour

How much should fruits and vegetables make up daily food intake?

1/3

How much should carbohydrates make up daily food intake?

1/3

How many portions of fish should you aim to eat in a week?

2 portions

What are good alternatives of proteins if your a vegetarian?

Beans Pulses

Hwo many glasses of fluids are you supposed to consume in a day?

6-8 glasses

What are the four types of raising agents?

Mechanical Biological Chemical Steam

What is an example of a chemical raising agent and where is it used?

Bicarbonate of soda - chocolate cake

What is an example of a biological raising agent and where is it used?

Yeast - bread

How does steam work as a raising agent?

When you use a very hot oven to cook a mixture that deliberately contains a lot of liquid (batters, Choux pastry) the water leaves the mixture as steam and as the steam rises it raises the mixture up.

What are five examples of mechanical methods of raising agents?

Folding Beating Whisking Sieving Creaming

What are 6 ways you can reduce food waste?

Plan meals and correct portion sizes and only buy the necessary ingredients Correctly store foods and pay attention to used by dates Use up the contents of your fridge before buying more food Use leftover meals the day after or freeze them Use the whole food Donate unwanted foods to food banks

What are three reasons for wasting foods?

Too much food was cooked It has passed its use by date Food was prepared incorrectly

What is the raising agent used in Choux pastry?

Steam

What are examples of Choux pastry?

Profiteroles Eclairs Choux buns Gougeres