4th Periodic Test (UnOffical)

Question 1

The entry point of the food.

Answer 1

Mouth

Question 2

The first digestion stage is

Answer 2

ingestion

Question 3

while the tongue mixes the food with saliva ←this mixture is called

Answer 3

bolus

Question 4

It connects the mouth and the esophagus.

Answer 4

Pharynx

Question 5

It has a flap called the _______which closes the windpipe that is connected to the trachea,

Answer 5

epiglottis

Question 6

A muscular tube that is approximately 25 cm long.

Answer 6

Esophagus

Question 7

Receives food/bolus from the esophagus.

Answer 7

Stomach

Question 8

90% of the chemical digestions and absorption of food nutrients occur, and the remaining 10% happens in the stomach

Answer 8

Small Intestine

Question 9

3 segments of small intestine

Answer 9

Duodenum, Jejenum, Ileum

Question 10

Mainly for digestion and neutralization (first segment)

Answer 10

Duodenum

Question 11

Primarily absorbs sugar, amino acids, and fatty acids (second segment)

Answer 11

Jejenum

Question 12

Primarily absorbs anything that wasn’t absorbed in the jejunum. (Third Segment)

Answer 12

Ileum

Question 13

Digestion does not happen here

Answer 13

Large Intestine / Colon

Question 14

Responsible for reabsorption of water and mineral salts

Answer 14

Large Intestine / Colon

Question 14

The undigested food becomes

Answer 14

stool/feces

Question 15

An expandable storage organ of undigested food or stool/feces

Answer 15

Rectum

Question 15

controls the releasing/holding of stool for a short period

Answer 15

Anal Sphincter

Question 16

The last part of the digestive tract.
2 inch long canal.

Answer 16

Anus

Question 17

Located around the oral cavity

Answer 17

Salivary Glands

Question 18

Contains water, mucus, and enzymes amylase

Answer 18

Salivary Glands

Question 18

3 major parts of salivary glands

Answer 18

Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual

Question 19

cleanse the teeth, and moisten and lubricate

Answer 19

Saliva

Question 20

Long narrow glands that stretch from the spleen through the duodenum.

Answer 20

Pancreas

Question 21

chief hormone for metabolizing sugar.

Answer 21

Insulin

Question 22

The largest organ of the body in terms of mass.

Answer 22

Liver

Question 23

digests fat and some vitamins.

Answer 23

Bile

Question 24

A Green pear shaped sac, stores and concentrates

Answer 24

Gallbladder

Question 24

A pouch-like section located on the same side of the appendix. Aids formation of stool/feces.

Answer 24

Cecum

Question 24

A small thin tube that sits at the lower right abdomen, 10 cm long.

Answer 24

Appendix

Question 25

Where food is taken into the mouth and broken down by teeth. Involves chewing

Answer 25

Ingestion (1st)

Question 25

This happens in the stomach where chemical digestion starts.

Answer 25

Digestion (2nd)

Question 26

Breaks down complex food molecules through a hydrolysis process, absorbed by the lining of the small intestine, this happens in the jejunum and Ileum.

Answer 26

Absorption/Assimilation

Question 27

The removal of metabolic waste products from the body through stool/urine.

Answer 27

Excretion

Question 28

A painful sore in the stomach lining.

Answer 28

Stomach ulcers/Gastric ulcer

Question 29

Affects the stomach and colon/large intestine ( bloating, abdominal pain, cramps, excess gas, diarrhea, constipation, and sometimes hemorrhoids.)

Answer 29

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Question 30

Swollen veins in the rectum and the anus.

Answer 30

Hemorrhoids

Question 31

Condition where the stomach acids goes up the esophagus.

Answer 31

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Question 32

Hard materials/deposits formed in the gallbladder.

Answer 32

Gallstones

Question 33

When the appendix is inflamed

Answer 33

Appendicitis

Question 34

A digestive disorder wherein a person has difficulties moving their bowl regularly.

Answer 34

Constipation

Question 34

A discomfort/pain in the upper abdomen.

Answer 34

Indigestion/dyspepsia

Question 34

Having loose stool/feces during bowel movement.

Answer 34

Diarrhea

Question 34

A kind of cancer thats starts either in the colon or the rectum.

Answer 34

Colorectal Cancer

Question 34

The process of a cell growing, developing, and dividing to make new cells from the time it is formed until it reproduces.

Answer 34

Cell Cycle

Question 35

two main parts of cell cycle

Answer 35

Interphase and Cell division(Mitosis)

Question 36

a long phase in the cell cycle when a cell spends most of its time.

Answer 36

Interphase

Question 37

the cell gets bigger, makes copies of organelles, and creates the building blocks it will use later.

Answer 37

Gap 1 (G1)

Question 38

the cell makes a full copy of its DNA. It also makes a copy of a structure in the cell called the centrosome.

Answer 38

Synthesis (S)

Question 39

the cell gets bigger, produces proteins and tiny organelles, and starts getting ready for mitosis.This phase ends when mitosis starts

Answer 39

Gap 2 (G2)

Question 40

When an organism grows, ____ makes new cells in its body. As the organism gets older, _______ replaces old cells with new ones.

Answer 40

Mitosis

Question 41

the cell makes two new cells by splitting its DNA and cytoplasm.

Answer 41

M phase

Question 42

the genetic material condenses to make small chromosomes with two parts connected at the center.

Answer 42

Prophase

Question 43

Mitosis happens in four steps:

Answer 43

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Question 44

During cell division(Mitosis) One cell becomes ______

Answer 44

2 cells

Question 45

When the sister chromatids separate, it starts _______. These sister chromatids turn into chromosomes in the daughter cells.

Answer 45

anaphase

Question 46

The chromosomes group together at the ends and form a mass while the nuclear envelope starts to form around them.

Answer 46

Telophase

Question 47

when the cytoplasm divides to make two new cells

Answer 47

Cytokinesis

Question 48

Interphase shows that chromosomes duplicate with each other.

Answer 48

Meiosis

Question 49

Makes sex cells such as sperm and eggs.

Answer 49

Meiosis

Question 50

called reduction-division

Answer 50

Meiosis

Question 51

happens in the testes of males.

Answer 51

Spermatogenesis

Question 52

The process of forming eggs in female ovaries is called

Answer 52

oogenesis

Question 53

Is when the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. The shortest stage

Answer 53

Metaphase I

Question 53

The longest and most complicated part

Answer 53

Prophase I

Question 54

Is the stage in meiosis where the chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cell and the nuclear membrane starts to reform.

Answer 54

Telophase I

Question 55

Is the stage in cell division when the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.

Answer 55

Anaphase I

Question 56

similar to mitosis

Answer 56

Meiosis II

Question 57

the sequences of nucleotides in the DNA (cells)

Answer 57

Genes

Question 58

the passing of physical traits from parent to their children or generation to the next.

Answer 58

Heredity

Question 59

an Austrian monk, performed a series of experiments on inheritance of selected traits of sweet pea plants.

Answer 59

Gregor Mendel

Question 60

Crossing pea plants that differed in one trait (e.g., seed color).

Answer 60

Monohybrid Crosses

Question 60

Crossing pea plants that differed in two traits (e.g., seed color and seed shape).

Answer 60

Dihybrid Crosses

Question 60

In a heterozygote, the allele which masks the other is referred to as dominant, while the allele that is masked is referred to as recessive

Answer 60

Mendel’s Law of Dominance

Question 60

States that a diploid organism passes a randomly selected allele for a trait to its offspring,

Answer 60

Mendel’s Law of Segregation

Question 60

invlolves one trait (AA x AA)

Answer 60

Monohybrid

Question 61

It allows the calculation of genotypic and phenotypic ratios based on the probability of individual gene combinations.

Answer 61

Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment

Question 62

invlolves two traits (AA x aa)

Answer 62

Dihybrid

Question 63

Punnet square was Introduced by

Answer 63

Reginald Punnett.

Question 64

represented with a uppercase letter (A)

Answer 64

dominant

Question 65

represented with a lowercase letter (a)

Answer 65

recessive

Question 66

AA

Answer 66

Homozygous Dominant

Question 67

aa

Answer 67

Homozygous Recessive

Question 68

Aa

Answer 68

Heterozygous

Question 69

the study of genes, variation and heredity in organisms.

Answer 69

Genetics (The cell)

Question 70

Any characteristics (height, eye color and hair type) that can be passed down from parents to kids.

Answer 70

Traits (Physical appearance)

Question 71

Passing on one or more traits to the offspring, Also known as Inheritance.

Answer 71

Heredity (The passing on of traits)