4TH QUESTION GROUP Flashcards
(53 cards)
intermediary metabolism
the reactions between the absorption of feedstuff and excretion of the end products (ATP and heat produced)
biological oxidation
oxidative processes in cells (mitochondria), carb, lipids + proteins will be degraded = ATP, heat, CO2 + H20 production
oxidative phosphorylation
production in ATP by a protive motive force in the respiratory chain
catabolism
degradative processes forming ATP
substrates (carbs, lipids, proteins) are degraded into common intermediates like acetyl CoA which end up in hte citric acid cycle and then the electron transport chain to undergo ox. phosphory.
anabolism
synthetic processes
net product is ATP
amphibolic reactions
involve annabolism + catabolism
three stages of energy extraction
formation of smaller molecules (protein to aa)
formation of simple units (bd of aa etc. into acetyl CoA)
citric acid cycle, respiratory chain + oxidative phosporylation
(further oxidation of acetyl-CoA to generate ATP)
2 methods of producing ATP from different substrates
oxidative phosphorylation
substrate-level phosphorylation
substrate level phosphorylation
direct phosphorylation of ADP from phosphorylated intermediates that will be seen during glycolysis + CAC
what type of bonds are phosphoanydride bonds?
high energy bonds
high energy bonds
phosphate group with a high free energy or hydrolysis
high group transfer potential
ATP function
energy source
AMP reaction
energy sensor + regulator of metabolism
AMP stimulates metabolic pathways that produce ATP
ATP structure
adenine
ribose
3 phosphates (phosphoanhydride linkages)
what phosphate linkage is used in nerve + muscle cells for storage of -P
phosphocreatine (creatine phosphate)
when is phosphocreatine produced
when ATP levels are high
during exercise, what happens to phosphocreatine
ATP depleted, phosphate transferred from phophocreatine to ADP to replenish ATP
phosphocreatine + ADP - ATP + creatine (reversible)
regulator of creatine synthesis
Arg-Gly transamidinase
Argine, Glycine +
Creatine -
where does the synthesis of creatine occur
1st reaction: kidney
2nd reaction: liver
thioester
high energy bond
forms between a carboxyl group of acetic or fatty acid + thiol (SH) group
(acetyl - CoA)
carbohydrate functions
stored as glycogen in animals
supply carbon for synthesis of other compounds
the simple sugars converted into starch, fats, enzymes, DNA/RNA + ATP
groups of carbohydrates
monosacharides
(glucose, fructose, ribose)
diasaccharides (sucrose, maltose, lactose)
oligosaccharides
polysaccharides
(starch, cellulose, glycogen)
how are monosaccharides classified
based on the number of carbons
based on their functional group (aldoses + ketoses)
aldoses
contain an aldehyde group (CHO)
