4th sw flashcards

Question 1

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 1

energy can neither be created nor destryed

Question 2

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 2

entropy always increases over time

Question 3

Third Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 3

when the temperature reaches absolute zero, there is zero entropy

Question 4

Entropy

Answer 4

a measure of disorder of a system

Question 5

Convection

Answer 5

heat circulate through fluids like air or water

Question 6

Radiation

Answer 6

transfer of heat between two objects not touching

Question 7

Conduction

Answer 7

heat moving through toching objects

Question 8

flat line on phase change graph

Answer 8

phase change

Question 9

what happens to temperature when energy is being absorbed

Answer 9

the temperature does not change

Question 10

what happens to temperature when energy is being released

Answer 10

temperature increases

Question 11

latent heat

Answer 11

change in physical state

Question 12

specific heat

Answer 12

change in temperature

Question 13

latent heat equation

Answer 13

Q=mL

Question 14

specific heat equation

Answer 14

Q=Cm△T
Q=Q1+Q2+Qn

Question 15

number of fusion for water

Answer 15

334

Question 16

number of vaporization for water

Answer 16

2,260

Question 17

lens

Answer 17

transparent object with at least one curved side that causes light to change direction

Question 18

reflection

Answer 18

bounding a wave off a surface

Question 19

refraction

Answer 19

bending of a wave as it passes through different mediums

Question 20

focal point

Answer 20

where parallel lines converge

Question 21

focal length

Answer 21

distance from mirror/lens to focal point

Question 22

convex

Answer 22

*thicker in the middle
*light bends inward
*makes objects larger

Question 23

concave

Answer 23

*thicker on the ends
*light bends outwards
*makes objects smaller

Question 24

then lens equation

Answer 24

1/f = 1/do + 1/di

Question 25

magnification equation

Answer 25

m = hi/ho

Question 26

doppler effect

Answer 26

a moving source of waves will have a higher frequency for someone standing in front of it, and a lower frequency for someone standing behind it

Question 27

resonance

Answer 27

every object has its own natural resonant frequency, at which it will vibrate if exposed to another wave which has the same frequency

Question 28

refraction

Answer 28

bending of waves as they change from one medium to another. Fast medium to slow = bends to normal, slow to fast = bends away

Question 29

diffraction

Answer 29

the bending of waves as they go through holes/slits or around corners

Question 30

reflection

Answer 30

the reflection of a wave across the normal of a surfce. Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

Question 31

interference

Answer 31

the additive (constructive) or subtractive (destructive) result of two waves being in superposition

Question 32

wave

Answer 32

a repeating periodic disturbance. Waves are described by their size/displace,emt, the frequency of a full cycle, and the velocity of the wave

Question 33

longitudinal wave

Answer 33

a wave that moves in a straight line. Also known as pressure waves. Longitudinal waves require a medium to travel through. Sound is a longitudinal wave that moves at 340 m/s at STP

Question 34

transverse wave

Answer 34

a wave that moves in a serpentine pattern from one side of an axis to another. Mechanical transverse waves need a medium, but EMR does not need a medium

Question 35

wavelength

Answer 35

the distance between two troughs or peaks, or between two areas of compression or rarefaction

Question 36

frequency

Answer 36

the number of peaks/troughs or compressions/rarefactions per unit of time. Frequency determines pitch for sound and color/type for EMR

Question 37

amplitude

Answer 37

the maximum displacement from equilibrium position. The more amplitude in a sound wave, the louder it is. The more amplitude in a light wave, the brighter it is

Question 38

oscillation

Answer 38

wave oscillations (back and forth motion) are parallel to the direction of motion for longitudinal waves, and perpendicular to the direction of motion for transverse waves

Question 39

EMR

Answer 39

any wave that uses photons as messenger particles. Does not require a medium. All photonically mediated radiation is EMR. Radio is EMR.