4th Year Additions Flashcards by Emma Feechan

what is irradiated blood?

blood that has been treated with radiation to prevent transfusion associated graft versus host disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

who needs CMV negative blood?

pregnant women and foetus

granulocyte transfusions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is anisocytosis?

variation in size of RBCs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are target cells seen in?

iron deficiency anaemia

post-splenectomy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are heinz bodies seen in?

G6PD deficiency

alpha thalassaemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are Howell-Jolly bodies seen in?

spleen problem

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when does the reticulocyte increase?

haemolytic anaemia

acute blood loss

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are schistocytes?

fragments of RBCs and indicate damage in their journey through vessels

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

causes of schistocytes?

DIC
HUS
TTP
MAHA
haemolytic anaemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are sideroblasts seen in?

myelodysplastic syndrome

sideroblastic anaemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are smudge cells seen in?

CLL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are spherocytes seen in?

hereditary spherocytosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

inherited haemolytic anaemias

hereditary spherocytosis
hereditary elloptocytosis
thalassaemia
sickle cell anaemia
G6PD deficiency

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

acquired haemolytic anaemias

AIHA
PNH
MAHA
prosthetic valve-related

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how does tumour lysis syndrome cause AKI?

raised urate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is MALT lymphoma associated with?

H. pylori

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is smouldering myeloma?

progression of MGUS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

investigations for myeloma

BLIP

BJP
light chain assay
immunoglobulins in serum
protein electrophoresis of serum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does thalidomide increase the risk of?

VTE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is TTP (thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura)?

small blood clots form throughout the body causing thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what causes clot formation in TTP?

problem with protein ADAMTS13

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

RFs for development of TTP

obesity

pregnancy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

management of TTP

plasma exchange with FFP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HITT)?

development of Ab against platelets in response to exposure to heparin
target PF4

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

management of HITT

use different anticoagulant

anticoagulation choice in pregnancy?

LMWHs | if recurrent PEs consider IVC filter

female iron requirements daily

1.5mg/day

male iron requirements daily

1mg/day

pregnancy iron requirements daily

7.5mg/day

who usually gets Gaucher's disease?

Jewish inheritance

genetic inheritance of Gaucher's disease?

what is Gaucher's disease?

glucocerebrosidase accumulates and lipids cannot be broken down leading to deposits in organs

presentation of Gaucher's disease

skeletal blood abdominal complaints

management of Gaucher's disease

enzyme replacement therapy of GBA enzyme

who get's Tay-Sachs disease?

Jewish people

inheritance of Tay-Sachs disease?

what is Tay-Sachs disease?

genetic defect in hexosaminidase A gene which causes a deficit beta-hexosamindase A leading to accumulation of fatty deposits that damage brain and spinal cord

presentation of Tay Sachs

6 months with loss of vision and hearing, dysphagia, muscle weakness

three forms of Tay Sachs

infantile juvenile late onset/adult

management of Tay Sachs

supportive + manage complications

what is the inheritance pattern of Niemann-Pick disease?

what is Niemann-Pick disease?

abnormal sphinogmyelin degradation leading to cells being unable to metabolise cholesterol and lipids

presentation of Niemann-Pick disease

contraction difficulty walking sleep disturbance

management of Niemann-Pick

measure blood and skin biopsies to assess levels

antibody in warm AIHA?

IgG

antibody in cold AIHA

IgM

types of blood transfusion reactions

1. non-haemolytic febrile reaction 2. minor allergic reaction 3. anaphylaxis 4. acute haemolytic reaction 5. transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) 6. transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)

what causes a non-haemolytic febrile reaction?

antibodies reacting with white cell fragments in the blood product and cytokines that have leaked from blood cells during storage??

presentation of non-haemolytic febrile reaction

fever | chills

management of non-haemolytic febrile reaction

slow or stop transfusion paracetamol monitor

presentation of minor allergic reaction

pruritus | urticaria

management of minor allergic reaction

temporarily stop transfusion antihistamine monitor

management of anaphylaxis

stop transfusion IM adrenaline ABC support - oxygen + fluids

what causes an acute haemolytic reaction?

ABO incompatibility

presentation of acute haemolytic reaction

fever abdo pain hypotension

management of acute haemolytic reaction

check blood, patients blood and send for DAT testing, repeat crossmatching fluid resuscitation

what causes transfusion-associated circulatory overload? (TACO)

excessive rate of transfusion | pre-existing heart failure

presentation of TACO

pulmonary oedema | hypertension

TACO management

slow or stop transfusion consider IV loop diuretics (furosemide) oxygen

what causes transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)?

non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema thought to be secondary to increased vascular permeability by host neutrophils activated by substances in donated blood

presentation of TRALI

hypoxia pulmonary infiltrates on CXR fever hypotension

management of TRALI

stop transfusion oxygen supportive care

what does cryoprecipitate contain?

``` factor VIII:C von willebrand factor fibrinogen factor XIII fibronectin ```

what is the preferred anticoagulant in renal impairment?

apixaban

can Coeliac disease cause hyposplenism?

yes

what does raised LDH indicate?

haemolysis

transfusion thresholds

Hb <70g/L without ACS | Hb <80g/L with ACS

myeloma management pathway

suitable for transplant= brotezomib + dex unsuitable= thalidomide + alklayting agent + dex chemotherapy before stem cell transplant

what is used to prevent relapses in myeloma?

bortezomib

genetic mutation in acute promyelocytic leukaemia

t(15;17)

what is seen on blood film in acute promyelocytic leukaemia

auer rods

what genetic change is in mantle cell lymphoma?

t(11;14)

VTE management if Wells score 0-1

check d-dimer if negative consider an alternative diagnosis if positive get scan within 4 hours

d-dimer high but scan negative VTE management

stop interim anticoagulation and repeat 6-8 days later

treatment time length for VTE?

3 months provoked | 6 months unprovoked

criteria for platelet transfusion

<10 x 10^9 no bleeding <30 x10^ 9 minor bleeding <100 x 10^9 in severe/ critical site

presentation of acute intermittent porphyria

red urine on standing | neuro, abdo, etc

what is Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome?

defect in WASP gene x-linked recessive low IgM

types of Hodgkin's lymphoma

``` nodular sclerosing (most common - lacunar cells) mixed cellularity lymphocyte predominant (best prognosis) lymphocyte depleted (worst prognosis) ```

what is the most common type of lymphoma?

large dffuse B cell lymphoma

what is on microscopy in Burtkitt's?

starry sky

when in hydroxyurea used in sickle cell?

prevent further crisis

what can packed red cells increase?

drug causes of G6PD deficiency

sulph drugs - sulphonamides, sulphasalazine and SUs | malaria prophylaxis

what reverses rivaroxaban and apixaban?

andexanet alfa

4th Year Additions Flashcards

(85 cards)