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Oral surgery > 4th year facial pain > Flashcards

4th year facial pain Flashcards

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1
Q

Define pain

A

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

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2
Q

Define burning mouth syndrome

A

Intraoral burning or dysaesthetic sensation, recurring daily for > 2 hours over > 3 months without clinically evident causative lesion

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3
Q

2 epidemiological features of burning mouth syndrome

A

Incidence increases with age
7F:M

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4
Q

3 common features of the clinical presentation of burning mouth syndrome

A

Spontaneous burning sensation
Bilateral
Poorly localised

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5
Q

5 common locations of burning mouth syndrome

A

Tongue
Lips
Palate
Gingiva
Mucosa

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6
Q

Suggested aetiology of burning mouth syndrome

A

Likely neuropathic origin

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7
Q

3 types of burning mouth syndrome

A

Type 1: comes on as day goes on, unremitting
Type 2: on waking and throughout the day
Type 3: no regular pattern, atypical sites affected

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8
Q

4 local factors causing burning mouth syndrome

A

Dry mouth
Infections
Oral mucosal lesions
Allergic reactions

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9
Q

4 conditions linked to burning mouth syndrome

A

Blood disorders
Autoimmune disorders
Endocrine disorders
GORD

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10
Q

3 topical therapies for the management of burning mouth syndrome

A

Clonazepam
Capsaicin
Difflam

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11
Q

3 systemic therapies for the management of burning mouth syndrome

A

Amitriptyline
Clonazepam
Gabapentin

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12
Q

Define trigeminal neuralgia

A

Disorder of the trigeminal nerve that causes episodes of unilateral, intense, stabbing, electric shock-like pain

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13
Q

3 classifications of trigeminal neuralgia

A

Idiopathic: without other disease, no clinically obvious neurological cause
Primary/classical: signs of trigeminal nerve root compression
Secondary: occur in presence of organic disease

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14
Q

4 causes of secondary trigeminal neuralgia

A

Tumours of trigeminal nerve
Lesions affecting the trigeminal nerve
Multiple Sclerosis or demyelination
Cerebral neoplasms

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15
Q

4 common features of the clinical presentation of trigeminal neuralgia

A

Sharp, severe stabbing pain
Lasts few seconds - 2mins
Affects normally one branch of trigeminal nerve, unilaterally
Entirely asymptomatic between attacks

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16
Q

2 epidemiological features of trigeminal neuralgia

A

More common in females
Onset usually 50-70 years

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17
Q

3 methods of diagnosing trigeminal neuralgia

A

Clinical history
MRI brain
MR angiography

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18
Q

1 medical management of trigeminal neuralgia

A

Carbamazepine

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19
Q

4 surgical managements of trigeminal neuralgia

A

Peripheral surgery
Intracranial surgery
Percutaneous surgery
Stereotactic gamma knife radiosurgery

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20
Q

Define giant cell arteritis

A

Immunological/vasculitic condition in which there is inflammation of medium sized arteries especially in the head and neck

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21
Q

2 epidemiological features of giant cell arteritis

Study These Flashcards
A

More common in females
Affects older >50 yrs

22
Q

3 common features of the clinical presentation of giant cell arteritis

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A

Severe burning pain in distribution of the affected vessel
Affected artery may be enlarged and tender
Headache is intense, deep, aching, throbbing, persistent

23
Q

3 methods of diagnosing giant cell arteritis

Study These Flashcards
A

Clinical history
Raised ESR
Arterial biopsy

24
Q

1 medical management of giant cell arteritis

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A

Systemic corticosteroids

25
Define glossopharyngeal neuralgia
Rare condition, causing repeated episodes of severe pain in the tongue, throat, tonsils and may radiate to ear
26
3 common features of the clinical presentation of glossopharyngeal neuralgia
Severe paroxysmal pain in post tongue/tonsillar region Pain may radiate to the ear Triggered by swallowing, coughing
27
1 medical management of glossopharyngeal neuralgia
Carbamazepine
28
Define periodic migrainous neuralgia
Unilateral, excruciating pain in the maxilla or behind the eye
29
4 common features of the clinical presentation of periodic migrainous neuralgia
Unilateral, severe eye/maxilla pain Attacks last 30-60mins Occur in early hours and repeat over several days Often accompanied by conjunctival redness, photophobia
30
2 management strategies periodic migrainous neuralgia
Laise with neurology Oxygen therapy
31
Define paroxysmal hemicranias
Frequent, short-lasting (few minutes) attacks of unilateral pain
32
4 common features of the clinical presentation of paroxysmal hemicranias
Short attacks Unilateral pain Usually orbital, supraorbital or temporal region 5-40 attacks per day
33
1 medical management of paroxysmal hemicranias
Indometacin (NSAID)
34
Define persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP)
A constant chronic orofacial discomfort or pain, for which no organic cause can be found
35
4 common features of the clinical presentation of persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP)
Pain poorly localised Upper jaw Deep/boring pain Persists for most of the day
36
2 epidemiological features of persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP)
Affects 1-2% of population Most commonly older females
37
3 medical managements for persistent idiopathic facial pain
Amitriptyline Pregabalin Gabapentin
38
4 common features of the clinical presentation of migraines
Recurrent, incapacitating headaches Unilateral Usually supraorbital Last hours/days
39
3 epidemiological features of migraines
Common problem More common in females Middle age
40
2 medical managements of migraines
NSAIDs Paracetamol
41
Define temporomandibular joint disorders
Group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders
42
4 epidemiological features of temporomandibular joint disorders
Most common cause of non-dental orofacial pain Third most common chronic pain Peak incidence is 2nd – 3rd decade More common in females
43
Describe 3 features of acute TMD
Identifiable cause Short duration Resolves
44
Describe 2 features of chronic TMD
Pain exceeds 3 months Becomes biopsychosocially destructive
45
4 common features of the clinical presentation of TMD
Head/neck pain Limited range of motion TMJ clicking or crepitus Headache related to temporalis pain
46
5 self management strategies for TMD
Avoidance of parafunctional activities/habits Relaxation techniques Heat application Jaw exercises Soft diet
47
3 medical managements for acute TMD
NSAIDS Paracetamol Benzodiazepines
48
3 medical managements for chronic TMD
Antidepressants Muscle relaxants Masseter botox
49
5 reasons why patient may require referral for management of TMD
Multiple unsuccessful treatments Psychological distress Trismus Chronic widespread pain Disc displacement without reduction
50
Most common cause of non-orofacial and orofacial pain
Non-orofacial: TMD Orofacial: odontogenic pain

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