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BIO 1103 > 5-1 5-2 NERVOUS ANATOMY + BRAIN STRUCTURE > Flashcards

5-1 5-2 NERVOUS ANATOMY + BRAIN STRUCTURE Flashcards

1
Q

what does the CNS include

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

what does the PNS include

A

ganglion and nerves

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3
Q

what are the two systems in the PNS

A

afferent and efferent

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4
Q

what is the afferent system

A

neutrons that carry electrical impulses towards the CNS from receptors

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5
Q

what is the efferent system

A

neurons that carry charges away from the CNS to muscles and glands

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6
Q

what are the two types of efferent system

A

somatic and autonomic

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7
Q

what is the somatic system

A

efferent neurons under voluntary control

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8
Q

what is the autonomic system

A

efferent neurons under voluntary control

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9
Q

what are the two types of autonomic systems

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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10
Q

what are neurons

A

active cell type

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11
Q

what are cell bodies

A

contains most cellular organelles

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12
Q

what are dendrites and their functions

A

extensions of cell membrane that send impulses towards the cell

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13
Q

what are axons and their function

A

single, long process.

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14
Q

what are sensory / afferent neurons and the function

A

messages are sent to the CNS; mostlyhave a single process attached to cell body.

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15
Q

what are motor / efferent neurons?

A

messages are sent away from CNS. many processes attached to cell body

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16
Q

what is neuroglia and its function

A

supports and insulates cells between neurons, promotes health and growth of the nruones

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17
Q

what are astrocytes (CNS)

A

support neurons, secrete CSF

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18
Q

what are microglial cells (CNS)

A

clean up in CNS

19
Q

What are oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS) ?

A

these cells extend cell membrane, wrap around and insulate neutron. produces myelin sheaths

20
Q

what is the myelin sheath

A

white, phospholipid coating, increases speed of impulse conduction

21
Q

how are neurons organized in the PNS

A

cell bodies = ganglia, axons = nerves

22
Q

how are neurones organized in the CNS

A

cell bodies = nuclei / grey matter, axons = tracts / white matter (bc of myelin sheaths)

23
Q

what are the meninges

A

connective tissue membrane that surround the CNS

24
Q

what are the functions of the meninges

A
  • cover and protect the CNS
  • protect blood vessels
  • contain CSF
    -form partitions
25
Q

what are the 3 maters that make up the meninges

A

dura, arachnoid and pia

26
Q

what is the function of the CSF

A

nourishes the brain, gives buoyancy and carries chemical signals

27
Q

what is the pathway of the CSf

A

filtrate of the blood, moves between ventricles (arachnoid0 and reabsorbed into 4th ventricle

28
Q

what are the 4 main parts of the brain

A

cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem and cerebellum

29
Q

what are the 4 lobes in the cerebrum

A

front, occipital, parietal and temporal

30
Q

what does the cerebrum do

A

interpret sensory info, controls voluntary response related to reading, writing, speaking, thinking, feeling and moving

31
Q

what is the diencephalon composed of

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

32
Q

what is the thalamus

A

responsible for receiving all of the sensory info. interprets pain and pleasure

33
Q

what is the hypothalamus

A

connects nervous and endocrine system. maintains homeostasis in the body

34
Q

what are the three parts of the brain stem

A

midbrain, pons and medula oblongata

35
Q

what is the midbrain responsible for

A

reflex movements

36
Q

what is the pons

A

relay station between cerebellum and brain stem

37
Q

what is the medulla oblongata

A

where the motor fibres cross over

38
Q

where is the cerebellum

A

back of the brainstem

39
Q

what are the cerebellums functions

A

helos control tumung and patterns of ur skeletal system, maintains posture and maintains equilibrium

40
Q

where is the medulla oblongata located

A

between first and second spinal vertebrae

41
Q

how many segments in spinal cord

A

31

42
Q

what matter is inside and outside of the spinal cord

A

grey inside, white outside

43
Q

what are the functions of the spinal cord

A

carries info. sensory impulses from PNS to brain. motor impulses from brain to PNS. reflex arcs. passes a nerve impulse from a sensory neutron to a motor neuron.

BIO 1103 (10 decks)

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