5 Flashcards
(18 cards)
digestive or gastrointestinal system four main functions
•ingestion
•digestion
•absorption
•elimination
Ingestion
food material taken into mouth
Digestion
food is broken down,
mechanically and chemically, as it travels through the gastrointestinal tract.
Digestive enzymes-> complex nutrients.
•Proteins → amino acids
•Sugars → glucose
•Fats → fatty acids or triglycerides
Absorption
•Digested food passes into the bloodstream through lining cells of the small intestine.
•Nutrients travel to all cells of the body.
•Cells burn nutrients to release the energy stored in food.
eliminates solid waste materials
cannot be absorbed into bloodstream.
large intestine
concentrates feces.
anus.
wastes pass out of the body
gastrointestinal tract begins with ?
the oral cavity
Oral Cavity
•Cheeks
• Lips
• Hard palate
• Soft palate
• Rugae
• Uvula
• Tongue
• Papillae
• Tonsils
• Gums
• Teeth
• Pharynx
Anatomical terms of a tooth:
•Crown
• Root
• Enamel
• Dentin
• Pulp
• Gingiva
• Cementum
• Root canal
• Periodontal membrane
stomach include:
• Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
• Fundus
• Greater curvature
• Lesser curvature
• Rugae
• Body
• Antrum
• Pylorus
• Pyloric sphincter
digestive tract:
● Esophagus
● Stomach
● Duodenum
● Liver
● Gallbladder
● Pancreas
● Jejunum
● Ileum
Large intestines
• Cecum
• Appendix
• Ascending colon
• Transverse colon
• Descending colon
• Sigmoid colon
• Rectum
• Anus
liver, gallbladder, and pancreas:
• Liver
• Gallbladder
• Pancreas
• Pancreatic duct
• Duodenum
•Common bile duct
Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas
Besides producing bile, the liver:
•Helps maintain normal blood glucose levels
•Manufactures blood proteins necessary for clotting
•Releases bilirubin, a pigment in bile
•Removes toxins and poisons from the blood
Pancreas’s insulin
Endocrine function, bloodstream to cells
Pancreas’s enzymes
Exocrine function, duodenum for digestion
