5 Flashcards
(12 cards)
Shimabara Rebellion
(1637-1638)
-Near Nagasaki
-Poverty, farmers - there was a famine and they felt the Tokugawa were not doing enough
-Peasants supported by the Portuguese; Bakufu supported by Dutch
-37,000 peasants involved
-Portuguese kicked out in 1638, Dutch become sole Western trading power
-Christianity forced even further underground (already banned by Hideyashi and Ieyasu)
Near Nagasaki Jesuits had ownership of it for a time in the 1500s the center of Christianity
The Christian Century
(1549-1639)
-The first missionaries mainly spanish and portuguese arrive in Japan in 1543
-By 1600 there were 300,000 Catholics (2% of population)
-Iemitsu solidifies fully banning christianity
he believes:
-christianity= dangerous religion
-missionaries and colonization go hand in hand
-christianity upsets social order and who people should look up to
Tokugawa Ieyasu
-He was officially made shogun in 1603 and reigned till 1605
-first Tokugawa shogun
-moved capital from Kyoto to Edo
-After Hideyoshi died, he defeated the forces of the other regents in the battle of Sekigahara in 1600
-He allowed domains to retain fiscal authority
Tokugawa Iemitsu
-rulled 1623 -1651
-He cemented the policies of his grandfather, Ieyasu, which allowed Tokugawa to rule, unchallenged, for another 200 years.
-He established the right to confiscate daimyo lands
-Established the system of alternate attendance
Aizawa Seishisai
-Barbarian primary document written 1825
-From the Mito domain - part of Tokugawa family, very wealthy/influential, very nationalistic (so anti-Chinese-centrism), and very anti-foreign
Sakamoto Ryoma
-was a samurai/ government loyalist who was supposed to expel “barbarians”, and use violence towards the west, and japanese who were “pro”-west
-Katsu Kaishu, his target, convinced him that modernizing reforms were inevitable
-developed a profound understanding of Western Ideas, insitutitions, and technologies.
-brokered the Satcho alliance in 1866
Emperor Meiji
-reign in 1868
-accession to the throne coincided with the end of the Tokugawa shogunate and the restoration to the emperor of supreme executive authority in the country
-wanted Japan to modernize
-In 1868, took the “Charter Oath of Five Principles,” which launched Japan on the course of westernization
-completely changed the trajectory of a nation that had been cut off from the majority of western powers for hundreds of years
Townsend Harris
-1856
-The first american consul, took up residence in Shimoda on the southern tip of Izu peninsula in 1856
-backed his demand for a trade treaty with the plausible threat that the british would drive an even tougher bargain
-signed in 1858 - made Japan a semi-colonial entity; opened 8 port cities, extraterritoriality (remained in place until 1911); trade tariffs (surrendered tariff autonomy) unfair; they did succeed in banning the opium trade which had harmed China
Treaty of Kanagawa
-signed in 1854
-Forced treaty of Matthew Perry’s arrival and ultimatum
-Forced Japan to open up to trade and allow for a consulate on shimoda
-opened ports shimoda and hakodate to american trade and a u.s. Consulate in shimoda.
-allowed other European powers: france, Britain, Russia, and dutch to have ports as well
–Spurred Japanese nationalism, US vs. THEM
Extraterritoriality
-presented in the 1858 treaty
-if a crime was committed in a port city, western laws were followed and not japanese laws
-forced Japan to lose complete control over matters, potentially illegal, happening within their own borders
-Gave legal jurisdiction to consulate courts for foreigners
-There were years of unprosecuted rapes and assaults at the hands of foreign traders, leading to the shishi’s assaults
sumptuary laws
-Keep social behavior in line with hereditary status
-Regulated eating and drinking (for example farmers could not have tea)
-Samurai not allowed to enter entertainment districts
-Many ignored them
–people breaking social norms with gender, etc.
Bakufu
-Founded in 1180 by the Hojo clan. It is a type of government where the shogun, the barbarian quelling generalissimo, is the head.
-The shogun, and the structure, are given legitimacy by the Emperor, though, in reality, the shogun has far more power than the Emperor
-The shogun and bakufu, due to the length of Japan, could not maintain sole control over all of Japan. They left daimyo, military lords, in charge
- The system of Government lasted up until the Meiji Restoration in 1868
