5 Flashcards
(25 cards)
How do linear monosaccharides become ring monosaccharides?
Linear monosaccharides undergo a reaction where the carbonyl group reacts with a hydroxyl group, forming a ring structure.
What is the difference in the hydroxyl-group arrangement on C1 for alpha and beta monosaccharides?
In alpha monosaccharides, the hydroxyl group on C1 is below the plane of the ring, while in beta monosaccharides, it is above the plane.
Explain the process of glycosidic bond formation.
Glycosidic bond formation occurs through a dehydration reaction between two monosaccharides, resulting in the release of a water molecule.
What are the structural and functional differences between alpha and beta glycosidic bonds?
Alpha bonds allow for energy storage and are easily broken, while beta bonds provide structural stability and are not easily digested.
Describe the two main energy-function polysaccharides.
The two main energy-function polysaccharides are:
* Glycogen - made by animals
* Starch - made by plants
Their structure allows them to be broken down for energy.
Describe the three main structural-function polysaccharides.
The three main structural-function polysaccharides are:
* Cellulose - made by plants
* Chitin - made by fungi and arthropods
* Peptidoglycan - made by bacteria
Their structure provides strength and rigidity.
What is the role of carbohydrates in cell communication and identification?
Carbohydrates play a crucial role in cell communication and identification by serving as recognition sites on cell surfaces.
Fill in the blank: A _______ is a simple sugar.
[monosaccharide]
What is a disaccharide?
A disaccharide is formed by the glycosidic linkage of two monosaccharides.
What are glycosidic linkages?
Glycosidic linkages are covalent bonds that connect monosaccharides through dehydration reactions.
What is the carbonyl group?
The carbonyl group is a functional group consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.
What is a pentose?
A pentose is a monosaccharide with five carbon atoms.
What is ribose?
Ribose is a type of pentose sugar that is essential for RNA structure.
What is glycogen?
Glycogen is a polysaccharide that serves as a form of energy storage in animals.
What is starch?
Starch is a polysaccharide that serves as a form of energy storage in plants.
What is cellulose?
Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide that provides rigidity to plant cell walls.
What is chitin?
Chitin is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi.
What is a hexose?
A hexose is a monosaccharide with six carbon atoms.
What is an oligosaccharide?
An oligosaccharide is a carbohydrate made up of a small number of monosaccharides, typically 2 to 10.
True or False: Polysaccharides can only serve as energy-storage molecules.
False
True or False: Glycosidic bonds can be both alpha and beta.
True
Fill in the blank: A _______ is a carbohydrate that consists of many sugar units.
[polysaccharide]
What is a glycoprotein?
A glycoprotein is a molecule that consists of a carbohydrate attached to a protein.
What is the significance of the hydroxyl group in carbohydrates?
The hydroxyl group contributes to the solubility and reactivity of carbohydrates.
