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AP Test 2 > 5-6 > Flashcards

5-6 Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

Primary tissue classes

A

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscular

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2
Q

DNA consist of?

A

Cytosine
Thymine
Adenine
Guanine

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3
Q

A-T and C-G

A

Are called base pairs of DNA

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4
Q

RNA 3 forms

A

Messenger mRNA
Ribosomal rRNA
Transfer tRNA

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5
Q

RNA has ___ of the same nitrogenous bases as DNA.

A

3

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6
Q

Uracil is substituted for?

A

Thymine

A-U, C-G

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7
Q

Gene

A

Information contained in DNA

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8
Q

A 23-chromosomes set is called the ?

A

Genome

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9
Q

20 amino acids is 3 nucleotides per amino acid

A

20 AA = 3N /per AA

3*20= 60 nucleotides

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10
Q

Genetic codes is?

A

Codons

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11
Q

mRNA

A

A mirror image of a gene

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12
Q

Step from DNA to mRNA

A

Transcription

Occurs in the nucleus

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13
Q

mRNA to protein

A

Translation

Occur in the cytoplasm

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14
Q

tRNA

A

Binds a free amino acid in the cytosol

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15
Q

rRNA

A

Structural component of ribosomes

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16
Q

Cells divide rapidly

A

Stomach , skin cells

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17
Q

Cells divide slowly

A

Bone , Cartilage

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18
Q

Cells don’t divide at all

A

Skeletal , muscle

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19
Q

Cell cycle 4 main phases

A

G1
S
G2
M

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20
Q

G1

A

Growth. Almost all tasks happen in the G1

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21
Q

S

A

Duplicate copy

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22
Q

G2

A

Checks and repairs DNA

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23
Q

4 phases of Mitosis

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

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24
Q

Prophase

A

Chromosomes shorten and thicken , foil

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25
Metaphase
Chromosomes align at the cell equator
26
Anaphase
One daughter chromosome migrates to each pole of the cell
27
Telaphase
Forms a new nucleus
28
Observable trait is called
Phenotype
29
Integumentary system
Hair , nails , cutaneous glands
30
Dermatology
The study and medical treatment of the integumentary system
31
Thick skin clovers ?
Palms & soles
32
Function of skin
Resistance to trauma and infection .
33
Keratin
Gives skin durability
34
Stem cells
Only found in stratum basale
35
Pigment shields
DNA in stratum from UV radiation.
36
Tactile (merkel ) cells
For touch (skin)
37
Dendritic cells (in stratum spinosum and stratum basale
Immune cells that originate from bone marrow
38
Layers of the Epidermis ( Cute Little Grasshoppers Smell Bad)
``` Corneum Lucidum Granulosum Spinosum Basale ```
39
Dermis
Composed of collagen | Supplied full of blood vessels , courageous glands and nerve ends
40
Dermis Layers
Papillary Reticular Hypodermis
41
Melanin
The most significant factor in skin color
42
Skin color varies
Amount and type of melanin produced, not melanocytes.
43
Skin color RED
Hemoglobin in your blood makes you a little more red
44
Erythema
Abnormal redness( burns,anger , weather, exercise)
45
Orange skin color
Carotene concentrating and subcutaneous fat
46
Blue skin color
Lack of oxygen
47
White skin color
Decreased blood flow (cold ,shock)
48
Yellow skin color
High levels of bilirubin in the blood. (Liver disease, cancer etc.)
49
Bruise
Massive clotted blood
50
Pilus
Hair
51
Nails
Hard derivatives of the stratum corneum
52
Hard part of nails
Nail plate
53
Suborferous glands
Sweat glands ;2 types
54
Apocrine sweat glands
Anogenital , nipples, mature males | Secretes pheromones
55
Merocrine/eccrine sweat glands.
All over body, palms, soles and forehead | Fools body down
56
Sebaceous glands
Secretes oil
57
Basal Ceruminous glands
Ear wax
58
Mammary glands
Secrets milk , found in breast
59
A.B.C.D rule of recognizing cancer
A-Asymmetry B-Border C-Color D-Diameter
60
Basal cell
Ring worm
61
Melanoma
Arises from melanocytes (irregular, dark patch) | Extremely aggressive and drug resistant
62
First degree burns
Only epidermis
63
Second degree burn
Epidermis and part of dermis
64
Third degree burn
Through the epidermis, dermis and often deeper tissue
65
Ectoderm
The outer layer of embryonic tissue
66
Endoderm
Innermost layer of embryonic tissues
67
Mesoderm
Middle layer of embryonic tissue
68
Embryonic tissue
Gives rise to muscle , bone and blood amount other tissues
69
Simple and pseudo-stratified
Produce protective mucus over membranes
70
Simple columnar epithelium
Moves mucus
71
Collagen
Tough , flexible , resist stretching . ;Cartilage, bone, ligaments
72
Reticular
Thin; forms spleen framework
73
Dense regular
Closely packed. Parallel to each other. Tendons and ligaments
74
Dense irregular
Closely packed but run seemingly random .
75
Dense regular connective tissue
Strong in one direction
76
Dense irregular connective tissue
Densely packed , randomly arranged . Strong in multi directions ; around organs.
77
Hyaline cartilage
Ends of long bones | Attaches ribs to sternum
78
Fibrocartilage
Knee menisci | Resist compression and absorb shock
79
Osseous
Tissue is hard ,makes up skeleton
80
Spongy bone
Fills epiphyses of long bones and middle of flat bones
81
Nervous system
Communication by electrical and chemical signals | Found in:Brain, Spinal Cord, and nerves
82
Muscle tissue
Movement of body, breathing , digestion and 💩 | Contract when stimulated
83
Skeletal muscle
Muscular system ; only voluntary muscle group
84
Cardiac muscles
Heart , blood pumping | Involuntary
85
Smooth muscles
Digestive walk , respiratory , blood vessels , bladder | hollow organs
86
Hyperplasia
Tissue growth (childhood) cell multiplication
87
Hypertrophy
Tissue growth through size (💪🏾)
88
Fibrosis
Replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue .
89
Atrophy
Shrinkage of a tissue through a loss in cell side or number
90
Apoptosis
"Programmed cell death" normal death to a cell that has completed its function .

AP Test 2 (1 decks)

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