5 Adaptive Immunity and Autoimmunity

Question 1

TCRs vs BCRs: Recognize peptide fragments bound to MHC molecules

Answer 1

TCRs

Question 2

TCRs vs BCRs: Recognize intact proteins, carbohydrates, or other macromolecules

Answer 2

BCRs

Question 3

Elimination of T cells or B cells with antigen receptors that recognize self during development

Answer 3

Central tolerance, (thymus or bone marrow)

Question 4

Inhibition of mature lymphocyte function

Answer 4

Peripheral tolerance

Question 5

Central vs peripheral tolerance: Induction of anergy

Answer 5

Peripheral

Question 6

Central vs peripheral tolerance: Deletion of autoreactive cells

Answer 6

Peripheral

Question 7

Central vs peripheral tolerance: Development of antigen-specific regulatory T and B cells

Answer 7

Peripheral

Question 8

FOXP3+ T cell subset

Answer 8

Regulatory T cell

Question 9

T cell subset function: B cell activation

Answer 9

CD4+ helper T cell

Question 10

T cell subset function: Macrophage activation

Answer 10

CD4+ helper T cell

Question 11

T cell subset function: Killing of cells infected with intracellular microbes

Answer 11

CD8+ cytotoxic T cell

Question 12

T cell subset function: Killing of tumor cells

Answer 12

CD8+ cytotoxic T cell

Question 13

T cell subset function: Suppress function of other T cells

Answer 13

Treg

Question 14

T cell subset function: Maintenance of self-tolerance

Answer 14

Treg

Question 15

T cell subset function: Helper and cytotoxic functions in the gut

Answer 15

MAIT cells

Question 16

T cell subset phenotype: CD3+, CD4+, CD25+, FOXP3+

Answer 16

Treg

Question 17

T cell subset phenotype: CD56+, CD16+, CD3+

Answer 17

NK cell

Question 18

T cell subset phenotype: CD3+, CD8 ( majority

Answer 18

MAIT cells

Question 19

Effector T cells

Answer 19

CD4+ and CD8+ T cells

Question 20

Treg cells directly derived from the thymus

Answer 20

Natural Treg cells

Question 21

Treg cells induced in the periphery

Answer 21

Adaptive Treg cells

Question 22

Mutations in FOXP3 leads to this syndrome, a fatal autoimmune disease with onset early in life

Answer 22

IPEX syndrome

Question 23

T/F Quantitative deficiency of Treg cells is seen in most autoimmune diseases

Answer 23

F

Question 24

Signal 1 for T cell activation

Answer 24

TCR recognition of peptide/MHC complex on APC

Question 25

Signal 2 for T cell activation

Answer 25

Costimulatory signals via cell surface molecules

Question 26

Signal 3 for T cell activation

Answer 26

Soluble factors along the T cell: APC immune synapse

Question 27

Site where naïve T cells are primarily activated

Answer 27

Peripheral/secondary lymphoid tissues

Question 28

Costimulatory receptor CD28 binds with costimulatory molecules ___ expressed on dendritic cell surface

Answer 28

1) B7-1 (CD80) 2) B7-2 (CD86)

Question 29

T/F Effector and memory T cells do not need much costimulation for activation

Answer 29

T

Question 30

Treg cells depend on ___-mediated costimulation for their generation and maintenance

Answer 30

CD28

Question 31

3 major subsets of CD4+ effector cells and the 4th subset

Answer 31

Th1, Th2, Th17; 4th subset T follicular helper cells

Question 32

Signature cytokines of CD4+ T effector subsets

Answer 32

Th1: IFN-γ Th2: IL-4,5,13 Th17: GM-CSF

Question 33

CD4+ T effector subset that expresses high levels of ligands for E-selectin and P-selectin

Answer 33

Th1

Question 34

CD4+ T effector subset that expresses CCR3, CCR4 and CCR8, which recognize chemokines that are highly expressed at sites of helminthic infection or allergic reactions, particularly in mucosal tissues

Answer 34

Th2

Question 35

CD4+ T effector subset that expresses CCR6 which binds the chemokine CCL20 in certain viral and fungal infections

Answer 35

Th17

Question 36

Th1 differentiation is driven mainly by ___ produced primarily by dendritic cells and macrophages in the lymphoid organ where the response is initiated

Answer 36

IL-12 and IFN-γ

Question 37

Inhibits development of Th2 and Th17, thus reinforcing Th1 polarization

Answer 37

IFN-γ

Question 38

The primary cytokine that initiates Th2 development

Answer 38

IL-4

Question 39

IL produced by both mast cells and Th2 cells that functions as both an inducer and an effector cytokine of the Th2 cell subset

Answer 39

IL-4

Question 40

Stimulates B cells to produce IgE, which are involved in many Th2-mediated defense reactions and allregic responses

Answer 40

IL-4

Question 41

Promotes the development of proinflammatory Th17 cells when other mediators of inflammation like IL-6 or IL-1, are present

Answer 41

TGF-β

Question 42

Th17 development is stimulated by

Answer 42

IL-6, IL-1, IL-23

Question 43

Th17 differentiation is inhibited by ___ therefore strong Th1 and Th2 responses tend to suppress Th17 development

Answer 43

IFN-γ and IL-4

Question 44

T cell subset especially abundant in mucosal tissues, particularly of the GIT

Answer 44

Th17

Question 45

T cell subsets that appear to contribute to detrimental immune responses in JIA and RA and other autoimmune diseases, including IBD, psoriasis, and multiple sclerosis

Answer 45

Treg and Th17

Question 46

B cell undergoes central tolerance by one of 3 processes

Answer 46

1) Receptor editing 2) Clonal anergy 3) Clonal deletion

Question 47

In which immature B cells that react with self-antigens with low to high avidity undergo secondary rearrangement at the Igχ allele

Answer 47

Receptor editing

Question 48

In which immature B cells that react with low-avidity self antigen can migrate into the spleen as anergic B cells

Answer 48

Clonal anergy

Question 49

Occurs for those cells that fail receptor editing

Answer 49

Clonal deletion (slow rate)

Question 50

Signals that induce antigen production by B cells

Answer 50

CD4+ T-cell/B-cell interaction: 1) TCR-MHCII 2) CD154-CD40 3) ICOS-ICOSL 4) CD28/CTLA-4-CD80/CD86

Question 51

Primary sites of antibody diversification and maturation

Answer 51

Germinal centers

Question 52

Histologically, mature germinal centers consist of a dark zone containing (1 )___ and a light zone containing (2) ___

Answer 52

(1) Densely packed proliferating B cells (centroblasts) (2) FDCs, Tfh cells, macrophages, and nonproliferating B cells known as centrocytes

Question 53

Antibody class: Activates phagocytosis and neutralizes antigen

Answer 53

IgG

Question 54

Antibody class: Usually found on B cell surface; activation is an important B cell survival signal

Answer 54

IgD

Question 55

Antibody class: Destroys parasitic worms

Answer 55

IgE

Question 56

Antibody class: Contributes to allergic diseases

Answer 56

IgE

Question 57

Antibody class: First Ab produced during an immune response

Answer 57

IgM

Question 58

Antibody class: Protects mucosal surfaces

Answer 58

IgA

Question 59

Breg cells are identified by their production of ___

Answer 59

IL-10