5. antivirals and diagnostic virology Flashcards
(35 cards)
what are the three classes of influenza antivirals
- uncoating
- neuraminidase inhibitors
- cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor
what are the uncoating influenza antivirals like
rimantadine/amantadine
- blocks uncoating, can only be used on influenza A, and all current strains are resistant
what are the neuraminidase inhibitor antivirals like
block the release of the virus by blocking the viral neuraminidase. most common is Tamiflu (oseltamivir)
what are the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor influenza antivirals like
Xofluza (baloxavir marboxil) prevents the virus from taking cellular mRNA caps and using them to make viral mRNA. as a result, viral RNA can’t be transcribed into mRNA and viral proteins are not made
what drug(s) is/are the uncoating influenza antiviral
rimantadine/amantadine
what drug(s) is/are the neuraminidase inhibitors influenza antiviral
tamiflu (oseltamivir)
what drug(s) is/are the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor influenza antiviral
xofluza (baloxavir marboxil)
is ribavirin specific for a single virus?
no. not specific for one virus
what can ribavirin be used on
respiratory syncytial virus
hepatitis C virus
hemorrhagic fever viruses
how does ribavirin work
lowering guanine nucleotides in the cell (by inhibiting monophosphate dehydrogenase), making replication harder
ribavirin is also a _______
teratogen. two forms of birth control should be used while taking ribavirin and continued for 6 months after use
what are the 5 classes of HIV antivirals
- entry inhibitors
- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)
- non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)
- integrase inhibitors
- protease inhibitors
how do entry inhibitors work
block receptor/co-receptor binding or membrane fusion and entry
how do the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors work
chain terminators prevent the chain from being elongated
how do the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors work
bind to reverse transcriptase and prevent its ability to make DNA
NRTI and NNRTI both block:
ability of the virus to make a DNA copy of itself
how do integrase inhibitors work
prevent the virus from inserting the viral DNA into the cellular DNA
how do protease inhibitors work for HIV antivirals
block the maturation of the viral particle
what are the three classes of HCV antivirals
protease inhibitors
polymerase inhibitors (NS5B)
NS5A inhibitors
how to protease inhibitors work for HCV antivirals
block the cleavage of the polyprotein and stop replication after this step. the virus cannot replicate its genetic material
how do polymerase inhibitors (NS5B) work for HCV
viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors block the ability of the virus to replicate its RNA
how do NS5A inhibitors work
block RNA production and assembly
which compounds block the viral polymerase and interfere with viral DNA production for herpesviruses
acyclovir compounds
for herpesviruses, acyclovirs will be need to be activated by what? which means that…?
thymidine kinase
they will be preferentially activated in an infected cell that has the viral thymidine kinase
