5. electrons and bonding

Question 1

orbital

Answer 1

the region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons, with opposite spins

Question 2

shape of s orbitals

Answer 2

sphere

Question 3

how many s orbitals in each shell

Answer 3

1

Question 4

shape of p orbitals

Answer 4

dumbbell

Question 5

how many p orbitals in each cell

Answer 5

3

Question 6

how many d orbitals in each shell

Answer 6

5

Question 7

how many f orbitals in each shell

Answer 7

7

Question 8

ionic bonding

Answer 8

the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 9

structure of ionic compounds

Answer 9

each ion is surrounded by oppositely charged ions, forming a giant ionic lattice
regularly arranged

Question 10

properties of ionic compounds

Answer 10

high melting and boiling points
dissolve in polar solvents, such as water
conducts electricity when melted or dissolved in water

Question 11

why can ionic compounds conduct electricity

Answer 11

when liquid or dissolved in water, the solid ionic lattice breaks down
ions are free to move as mobile charge carriers

Question 12

why are ionic compounds soluble

Answer 12

the ionic lattice must be broken down
water molecules must attract and surround the ions

Question 13

covalent bonding

Answer 13

the strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms

Question 14

dative covalent/coordinate bond

Answer 14

a covalent bond in which the shared pair of electrons has been supplied by one of the bonding atoms only