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Bontragers - Chapters 5, 6, 10 > 5 - Humerus and Shoulder Girdle - Positions and Projections > Flashcards

5 - Humerus and Shoulder Girdle - Positions and Projections Flashcards

All projections covered in the ARRT Exam Content Outline (23 cards)

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1
Q

What are the Humerus Positions and Projections included in the ARRT Exam Content Spects?

A

a. AP
b. lateral
c. neutral
d. transthoracic lateral

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2
Q

What are the Shoulder Positions and Projections included in the ARRT Exam Content Specs?

A

a. AP internal and external rotation
b. Inferosuperior axial (Lawrence)
c. Posterior oblique (Grashey)
d. AP neutral
e. PA oblique (scapular Y)
f. Supraspinatus outlet (Neer)

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3
Q

What are the Scapula Positions and Projections included in the ARRT Exam Content Specs?

A

a. AP
b. Lateral

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4
Q

What are the Clavicle Positions and Projections included in the ARRT Exam Content Specs?

A

a. AP or PA
b. AP axial
c. PA axial

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5
Q

What are the Acromioclavicular Joints Positions and Projections included in the ARRT Exam Content Specs?

A

AP Bilateral with and without weights

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6
Q

AP Humerus: Technical Factors

A
  • SID 40 Inches
  • IR 14” x 17” portait
  • kVp 70-85
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7
Q

AP Humerus: Positioning

A
  • Erect or Supine
  • Adujust IR so ends of humerus are equadistant from IR edges
  • Align humerus with long axis of IR
  • Extend hand and forearm as far as patient can tolerate
  • Abduct arm slightly so epicondyles are parallel to IR
  • Respiration Suspended
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8
Q

AP Humerus: CR and Collimation

A
  • CR perpendicular to IR directed to midpoint of humerus
  • Collomatn on sides to soft tissue
  • Include shoulder joint and 1 inch of proximal forearm
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9
Q

AP Humerus: Evaluation Criteria

A
  • Entire humerus and both joints shown
  • True AP, greater tubercle and epicondyles in profile
  • Collomation to area of interest
  • Marker visible
  • Good density and contrast
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10
Q

Lateral Humerus - Leteromedial OR Mediolateral: Technical Factors

A
  • SID 40 Inches
  • IR 14” x 17” portait
  • kVp 70-85
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11
Q

Lateral Humerus - Leteromedial : Positioning

A
  • Patient Erect or Supine with back to CR
  • Body rotated as need to bring shoulder close to IR
  • Internally rotate Arm to align epicondyles perpendiculare to IR
  • Adjust IR so humerus joints are equdistant from the edges of the IR
  • Respiration Suspended
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12
Q

Lateral Humerus - Mediolateral: Positioning

A
  • Patient erect facint the IR
  • Oblique as needed to bring shoulder close to IR
  • Flex elbow out to 90 degrees rotating the hand internally
  • Adjust IR so humerus joints are equdistant from the edges of the IR
  • Respiration suspended
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13
Q

Lateral Humerus - Leteromedial OR Mediolateral: CR and Collimation

A
  • CR perpendicular to IR, center to the midpoint of the humerus
  • Collimate to outside the soft tisse and including the full shoulder and elbow joints
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14
Q

Lateral Humerus - Leteromedial OR Mediolateral: Evaluation Criteria

A
  • Lateral view of the entire humerus
  • Shoulder and elbow joints fully visible with epicondyles superimposed.
  • Marker visible and Optimal density and brightness
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15
Q

Transthorasic Lateral Humerus: Technical Factors

A
  • SID 40” min
  • IR 14” x 17” portrait
  • kVp 75-90
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16
Q

Transthorasic Lateral Humerus: Positioning

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A
  • Patient erect or supine, erect preferred
  • Lateral position with side of interest closest to IR
  • Affected arm in neutral poisiont hanging down
  • Drop shoulder if possible
  • Raise opposite arm and rest on head
  • Center mid-daphysis of effected humor on IR
  • Thorax in true lateral or slight superimposisiont to minimize supoer imposition of vertabre
17
Q

Transthorasic Lateral Humerus: CR and Collimation

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Perpedicular to IR
  • Centered mid-diaphysis through thorax on effected humerus
  • Collimate all four sides to area of interest
  • Respiration: Orthostatic
  • Place Marker
18
Q

Transthorasic Lateral Humerus: Evaluation Criteria

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Lateral view of entire humerus glenohumeral joint
  • Outline of humerus should be anterior to vertebrae
  • Relationship of humeral head and glenoid cavity should be demonstrated
  • Optimal density and contrast for entire outline of humerus
  • Ribs and lungs should be blurred if orthostatic breathing was used.
  • Marker visible
19
Q

AP External/Internal Rotation Shoulder: Technical Factors

Study These Flashcards
A
  • SID 40”
  • IR 10” x 12”
  • kVp 70-85
20
Q

AP External/Internal Rotation Shoulder: Positioning

21
Q

AP Externa/Internal Rotation Shoulder: CR, Collimation, Breathing

22
Q

AP External/Internal Rotation Shoulder: Evaluation Criteria

Bontragers - Chapters 5, 6, 10 (15 decks)

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