5. Material and component considerations (5.3 Why is it important to consider the properties/characteristics of materials when designing and manufacturing products?)

Question 1

Density

Answer 1

The mass of a material per unit volume. A low-density material would be light, while a high-density material would be heavy.

Question 2

Tensile strength

Answer 2

The maximum amount of stress that a material can withstand before it breaks under tension.

Question 3

Strength-to-weight ratio

Answer 3

The strength of a material relative to its weight. Materials with a high strength-to-weight ratio are lightweight but strong.

Question 4

Hardness

Answer 4

The resistance of a material to scratching, indentation, or deformation.

Question 5

Durability

Answer 5

The ability of a material to resist wear, tear, and degradation over time.

Question 6

Thermal conductivity

Answer 6

The ability of a material to conduct heat.

Question 7

Electrical conductivity

Answer 7

The ability of a material to conduct electricity.

Question 8

Corrosion resistance

Answer 8

The ability of a material to resist corrosion or degradation due to exposure to environmental factors.

Question 9

Stiffness

Answer 9

The resistance of a material to deformation under stress.

Question 10

Elasticity

Answer 10

The ability of a material to deform and return to its original shape when a force is removed.

Question 11

Plasticity

Answer 11

The ability of a material to deform permanently under stress.

Question 12

Impact resistance

Answer 12

The ability of a material to resist damage due to impact or shock.

Question 13

Malleability

Answer 13

The ability of a material to be shaped or formed by hammering, rolling, or pressing.

Question 14

Ductility

Answer 14

The ability of a material to be stretched or pulled into a wire or other shape without breaking.

Question 15

Machinability

Answer 15

The ease with which a material can be cut, shaped, or otherwise processed by machines or tools.

Question 16

Design engineers…

Answer 16

Design engineers must carefully consider the available forms, costs, and properties of materials when developing and manufacturing their own products. This involves selecting materials that are appropriate for the intended use and will meet the desired performance requirements while also being cost-effective. For example, if a product needs to be lightweight and durable, a composite material like carbon fiber may be a good choice due to its high strength-to-weight ratio.

Question 17

In addition…

Answer 17

In addition to performance and cost considerations, other factors may also influence material selection. For example, environmental considerations may lead to the use of materials that are recyclable or biodegradable. Social and cultural factors may also be taken into account, such as using materials that are locally sourced or have a particular aesthetic appeal.

Question 18

The selection of …

Answer 18

materials is a critical aspect of the design engineering process, as it can have a significant impact on the performance, cost, and sustainability of a product. Design engineers must carefully evaluate the available options and make informed decisions based on a range of factors to ensure that their products meet the needs of their intended users while also being socially and environmentally responsible.