5 Modes of Evolution

Question 1

Change in allele frequency

Answer 1

Evolution

Question 2

Natural Selection

Answer 2

Best suited for the environment have a higher probability of survival and reproduction.

Question 3

Natural selection requires ____ in the population. “If everybody is the same, then no one is best suited because everyone is equally suited.”

Answer 3

Variation

Question 4

What are the three modes of natural selection?

Answer 4

Directional Disruptive Stabilizing

Question 5

Directional selection

Answer 5

one extreme phenotype is favored

Question 6

Disruptive selection

Answer 6

both extreme phenotypes are favored

Question 7

Stabilizing selection

Answer 7

No extremes are favored (average is favored)

Question 8

Bimodal distribution

Answer 8

Disruptive selection

Question 9

Answer 9

Directional selection

Question 10

Answer 10

Stabilizing Selection

Question 11

Mate choice; results in evolution

(change in allele frequency)

ex. male peacock

Answer 11

Non-random mating

Question 12

Random chance and sampling error rcause low repitition or unpredicted results.

Causes change in allele frequency

Answer 12

Genetic drift

Question 13

New population doesn’t resemble the original population

Answer 13

Founder effect

Question 14

When “N” decreases or only a few are allowed to reproduce.

ex.) Lions, wolves

Answer 14

Population bottleneck

Question 15

Movement of alleles between populations.

Changes allele frequencies.

Answer 15

Gene flow

Question 16

Error in copying DNA for gametes

(Only way to get brand new alleles.)

Answer 16

Mutation

Question 17

Mutations are ___.

1% per million years (vertebraes)

Answer 17

rare

Question 18

Mutations are ___ ___ helpful.

Answer 18

very rarely

Question 19

Mutations are rarely ___.

(can’t reproduce)

Answer 19

fatal

Question 20

Often silent mutations that ___ __ phentotpye

Answer 20

don’t affect

Question 21

5 Modes of Evolution

Answer 21

Natural Selection

Non-random mating

Genetic drift

Gene flow

Mutation

Question 22

2 rates of evolution

Answer 22

Punctuated Equilibrium

Gradualism

Question 23

Huge evolutionary events (very fast) but, they are rare.

Answer 23

Punctuated Equilibrium

Question 24

Small, constant evolutionary events.

Answer 24

Gradualism

Question 25

Population

Answer 25

all members of a species that interact with one another.

Question 26

Type 1 Survivorship ex. elephants, bears, whales, humans

Answer 26

- High Probability of surviving in early life - High parental care - Few offspring at a time

Question 27

Type 2 Survivorship ex. pigs, domestic cats, ducks, spiders

Answer 27

- Probability of survival is constant - Moderate parental care - Moderate number of offspring

Question 28

Type 3 survivorship ex. sea turtles, frogs, salmon, most insects

Answer 28

- Low probability of survival in early life - No parental care - Many offspring at a time

Question 29

Doubling time ___ as N increases \_\_\_\_ growth

Answer 29

Decreases Exponential growth

Question 30

Maximum number of individuals of a species that can be sustained by the environment indefinitely "K"

Answer 30

Carrying capacity

Question 31

How can you oscillate above and below "K"

Answer 31

Limiting resource is not always needed.

Question 32

How can you greatly exceed "K"

Answer 32

Very rapid population growth or large lag in demand for the limiting resource.

Question 33

Do not increase in frequency or severity as N changes ex. fires, ice ages, drought, hunting, tornados, deforestation, pesticides (Control of Population Size)

Answer 33

Density independent factors

Question 34

Get worse and more frequent as N approaches K ex. disease, parasitism, famine (Control of Population Size)

Answer 34

Density dependent factors

Question 35

2 results of competition Which is most commmon?

Answer 35

Local extinction of the loser (most common) Resource partitioning

Question 36

Share the resource

Answer 36

Resource Partitioning

Question 37

All the resources you need and when you need them.

Answer 37

Ecological níche

Question 38

An ecological ___ be shared.

Answer 38

Cannot

Question 39

What are the two types of competition?

Answer 39

Intraspecific competition Interspecific competition

Question 40

Competition among individuals of the same species

Answer 40

Intraspecific competition

Question 41

Competition among individuals of different species

Answer 41

Interspecific competition