5: Overall abolition of ST

Question 1

when did war break out between britain and france

Answer 1

1793

Question 2

napoleon and legalising slavery

Answer 2

1802
he tried to restore slavery in the French Empire (Haiti) but was disastrous and capitalised on by the abolitionist movement in Britain

Question 3

what did the british do to further attack French interests in the Carribean

Answer 3

1806 act
banned any slave trade between british merchants and foreign colonies

Question 4

what was the abolitionist bill called and how many were there

Answer 4

Foreign Slave Trade Abolition Bill 1806
three versions

Question 5

why was the 1806 bill difficult to oppose

Answer 5

presented by the government as a way to win the napoleonic war and undermine France
sold as an anti-French measure which would damage the french economy

Question 6

impact of the 1806 bill

Answer 6

paved the way for 1807 Act to abolish the ST in its entirety

Question 7

petitions 1788

Answer 7

102 petitions calling for abolition sent to parliament

Question 8

1792 petitions

Answer 8

519 petitions
total of 400,000 signatures
the single largest number of petitions sent on a single issue

Question 9

Richard Anstey’s historical argument

Answer 9

he says that the middle class led public pressure which greatly influenced parliament to consider abolition for humanitarian reasons
even though the trade was economically thriving, this is why it was abolished

Question 10

olaudah equiano’s autobiography

Answer 10

1786
‘the interesting narrative of the life of Olaudah Equiano’
9 editions and was a bestseller in britain and america

Question 11

when did equiano buy his freedom

Answer 11

1775
he married an englishwoman afterwards and had 2 children
died with an estate of £950

Question 12

why was equiano important

Answer 12

he galvanised middle class support, as they read his book informing them of the horrors

Question 13

example of a MC member of society who urged parliament

Answer 13

Lady Middleton urged Wilberforce to lead the coalition MPs in favour of abolition
Hannah More wrote a poem in 1798 which appealed to the MC

Question 14

Granville Sharp

Answer 14

middle class humanitarian
Somerset Case in 1772 freed 10,000 slaves
He also argued for the Zong Case in 1783 after 100 slaves were thrown overboard

Question 15

haiti - who led and when

Answer 15

toussaint L’ouverture
1791

Question 16

how many died haiti

Answer 16

112,000
including 2000 europeans

Question 17

haiti spreading

Answer 17

to british colonies such as St Lucia and Grenada
which led to an emergency British Colonial Assembly meeting in 1792

Question 18

troops in Jamaica

Answer 18

3000
1793
in order to maintain order - costed vast sums of gov expenditure

Question 19

scale of the St Domingue rebellion

Answer 19

1000 plantations burned which ruined the economy

Question 20

how was haiti the ‘jewel in the crown’

Answer 20

haiti’s export sum aggregate was equal to all british colony exports combined
this shows how risky slavery was

Question 21

conclusion phrase

Answer 21

Where (less convincing historian)’s interpretation loses credibility is where he talks of..
(potentially something economic - how the slave revolts were detrimental to the abolition movement/slave trade)

Question 22

Haitian Constitution

Answer 22

1805
two years before the abolition of the british trade
shows direct progress to achieving such aim

Question 23

enlightenmnet

Answer 23

period where Europe underwent a ‘major intellectual revolution’ which affected philosophy/politics etc.
promoted new ideas of liberty and people started to question how the slave trade restricted freedom

Question 24

enlightenment example

Answer 24

thomas paine’s publication of The Rights of Man in 1791

Question 25

enlightenment drew…

Answer 25

humanitarian groups to the cuase e.g. the quakers and evangelicals who formed the society for the abolition of the ST

Question 26

who drew wilberforce to the cause

Answer 26

clarkson after this wilberforce was able to attract the support of PM William Pitt

Question 27

wilberforce’s success (2 things)

Answer 27

- as an MP he enjoyed the most practical success in forwarding abolition as he could present bills and vote on laws - even during the french revolution, wilberforce’s underlying conservatism was able to maintain gov support

Question 28

which group dispelled the misconceptions of africans

Answer 28

sons of africa olaudah equiano was a part of this

Question 29

eric william’s decline thesis

Answer 29

prime reason for aboltiion was the fact that slavery was becoming unprofitable seymour drescher explains that this is not truly the case, because slave trading often yielded a 100% profit return

Question 30

adam smith’s free trade ideology

Answer 30

the idea that people would work better if they were free to do so

Question 31

increased uprisings and problems on voyages impact

Answer 31

made investors more reluctant to provide capital but the trade was still profitable (often yielded a 100% profit return)

Question 32

clarkson’s essay

Answer 32

1786 essay on the impolicy of the african slave trade cambridge competition

Question 33

brookes diagram

Answer 33

of a slave ship 1788

Question 34

josiah wedgewood

Answer 34

made pottery which detailed abolitionist cause medallion - ‘am i not a man and brother?’ he was a member of the society for the abolition of the slave trade

Question 35

quakers history

Answer 35

had questioned the morality of slavery since the 1600s as they believe that God can be found in every humna

Question 36

quakers acted as a

Answer 36

catalyst for abolition 1783 petition for example

Question 37

baptist belief

Answer 37

everybody is equal under God they also believe in rebirth and this meant slaves could become a new, free people

Question 38

evangelicals

Answer 38

thomas clarkson and wilberforce spreading the christian gospel idea of repenting and acting with morality

Question 39

thomas clarkson’s role

Answer 39

collected information which convinced people to support abolition spent 2 years travelling england and interviewed 20,000 sailors collected African goods (e.g. woods, gum, rice) to prove that britain could continue a profitable african trade without slavery

Question 40

ottabah cugano

Answer 40

sold into slavery aged 13 in Ghana to Grenada he was freed by an english merchant who took him to britain. he worked with Equiano to publish letters and his own experience. he was the first african in his own book to demand the total abolition of the ST.

Question 41

1 in 10..

Answer 41

ships had some sort of slave revolt on board

Question 42

humanitarian efforts in england which developed the idea of caring for individuals

Answer 42

Foundling Hospital founded in 1739

Question 43

James Ramsey - individual

Answer 43

navy ship’s doctor - treated victims (both slaves and sailors) on voyages with dysentery. he became an anglican minister in the carribean and welcomed both black and white parishioners. he wrote an ‘inquiry into putting a stop to the slave trade’ and was influential because he had personally seen the suffering

Question 44

wilberforce’s first bill

Answer 44

defeated 163 votes to 88 brought in a bill every year 1791 to 1806

Question 45

wilberforce is linked to the

Answer 45

end of the abolition movement he was the voice of abolition

Question 46

society for effecting the abolition

Answer 46

loby group 1787 formed strong religious background - moral crusade wanted to raise awareness and put pressure on the gov

Question 47

opposition to society for effecting

Answer 47

- west india lobby - rumours of jacobinism during the time of the french rev so seen as a threat - MPs often had commercial links to the trade

Question 48

in the 1792 petitions, how many in manchester

Answer 48

10,000 signed population of 50,000

Question 49

industrial revolution

Answer 49

made less slaves needed on plantations anyway

Question 50

slaves were becoming more

Answer 50

expensive as have to go further into africa than the west coast by now slaves died quickly so had to be reimported. plantations often went bust because of this

Question 51

bristol’s most successful industry

Answer 51

sugar at one time bristol had 22 sugar houses (refineries)

Question 52

bristol petition

Answer 52

in 1775 a petition was sent to parliament in support of continuing the trade

Question 53

slavery made sugar..

Answer 53

cheaper and more popular britons had the highest sugar intake in europe - high demand

Question 54

__ of slaves died on the ships

Answer 54

12% ill treatment, disease or suicide

Question 55

haiti year

Answer 55

1791

Question 56

haiti size

Answer 56

2nd largest island in west indies

Question 57

haiti slave life expectancy

Answer 57

3 years

Question 58

haiti population

Answer 58

500,000 slaves 50,000 white people

Question 59

napoleon troops to haiti

Answer 59

sends 50,000 only 3000 return

Question 60

haiti challenged the

Answer 60

docile slave narrative showed the strenth of black people changed the view that black people needed slavery

Question 61

cycle in slave revolts

Answer 61

revolt -> harsh punishment -> further resistance