5: Photosynthesis + Respiration

Question 1

Metabolic pathway definition?

Answer 1

a series of small reactions controlled by enzymes

Question 2

What is the compensation point?

Answer 2

the particular level of light intensity at which the rate of photosynthesis exactly matches the rate of respiration

Question 3

What is a coenzyme?

Answer 3

a molecule that aids the function of an enzyme by transferring a chemical group from one molecule to another
NOT an enzyme

Question 4

What is produced in non-cyclic phosphorylation?

Answer 4

ATP, reduced NADP, oxygen

Question 5

What is produced in cyclic phosphorylation?

Answer 5

small amounts of ATP
only uses PSI
electrons from the chlorophyll are passed back to PSI

Question 6

Where does the Calvin cycle occur?

Answer 6

the stroma

Question 7

What is needed to reduce glycerate 3-phosphate into triose phosphate?

Answer 7

2 ATP
2 reduced NADP

Question 8

What is needed to regenerate ribulose bisphosphate?

Answer 8

1 ATP

Question 9

What are the ideal conditions for photosynthesis in the UK?

Answer 9

High light intensity of a certain wavelength, temperature around 25 degrees C, 0.4% carbon dioxide, water

Question 10

Why do plants need magnesium?

Answer 10

to make chlorophyll a

Question 11

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 11

cytoplasm

Question 12

Where does the Link Reaction take place?

Answer 12

mitochondria

Question 13

Where does the krebs cycle take place?

Answer 13

mitochondria

Question 14

Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?

Answer 14

mitochondria

Question 15

What are the stages of glycolysis?

Answer 15

Phosphorylation and oxidation

Question 16

Stage one?

Answer 16

Glucose is phosphorylated to glucose phosphate (1 ATP)
then to hexose bisphosphate (1 ATP)
splits into 2 molecules of triose phosphate

Question 17

Stage 2?

Answer 17

Triose phosphate is oxidised to pyruvate - 2 reduced NAD and 4 ATP made

Question 18

Net gain from glycolysis?

Answer 18

2 reduced NAD
2 ATP
2 pyruvate

Question 19

Where does the pyruvate go?

Answer 19

Actively transported into the mitochondrial matrix for use in the link reaction

Question 20

Alcoholic fermentation?

Answer 20

Pyruvate –> ethanal - loss of 1 CO2
Ethanal –> ethanol - 1 NAD made

Question 21

Lactate fermentation?

Answer 21

Pyruvate –> lactate
1 NAD made

Question 22

What is regenerated in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 22

Oxidised NAD
Glycolysis can continue without much oxygen so a small amount of ATP can be made

Question 23

The Link Reaction step 1?

Answer 23

Pyruvate decarboxylated and oxidised to acetate - loss of 1 CO2, gain of 1 reduced NAD

Question 24

The Link reaction step 2?

Answer 24

Acetate combined with coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme A

Question 25

What is made from 1 krebs cycle?

Answer 25

1 coenzyme A Oxaloacetate 2 CO2 1 ATP 3 reduced NAD 1 reduced FAD

Question 26

What is the final step of oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 26

In the mitochondrial matrix, at the end of the ETC, the protons, electrons and oxygen from the blood combine to form water - oxygen is the final electron acceptor

Question 27

How much ATP is made per reduced NAD?

Answer 27

2.5

Question 28

How much ATP is made per reduced FAD?

Answer 28

1.5

Question 29

How much ATP is made for 1 molecule of glucose?

Answer 29

32 ATP