5: Political Participation

Question 1

Linkage instutitions

Answer 1

Make it possible for citizens to connect with policymakers

1. Political parties
2. Interest groups
3. Elections
4. Mass media

Question 2

Rational-choice voting

Answer 2

Choosing candidates who best represent personal social, economic, ideological, and religious interests

Question 3

Retrospective voting

Answer 3

Reflect on how candidate/party/administration has performed in recent past

Question 4

Prospective voting

Answer 4

Listen to campaign rhetoric

Question 5

Voter turnout expressions

Answer 5

Percentage of:

1: Eligible voters
2: Registered voters
3. Voting-age population

Question 6

Voter efficacy

Answer 6

Feeling that one’s vote has an impact

Question 7

Voter turnout: Socioeconomic status

Answer 7

Richer tend to vote more frequently than poorer

Question 8

Voter turnout: Gender

Answer 8

Women more likely to vote than men, except older women

Question 9

Voter turnout: Age

Answer 9

Turnout increases with age

Question 10

Voter turnout: Race

Answer 10

Turnout highest among whites

Question 11

National Voter Registration Act

Answer 11

1993

1. “Motor Voter Act”
2. Voters can register at the DMV

Question 12

Help America Vote Act

Answer 12

2002

Provides federal funds to states to standardize and modernize voting procedures

Question 13

Coat-tail effect

Answer 13

Tendency for popular political leader to attract votes for candidates of their party

Question 14

Wave elections

Answer 14

Landslides

Question 15

First Party System

Answer 15

Federalists vs Democratic-Republicans

Question 16

Federalist Party

Answer 16

1. Led by Alexander Hamilton
2. New England & mid-Atlantic
3. Robust federal government

Question 17

Democratic-Republican Party

Answer 17

1. Led by Thomas Jefferson & James Madison
2. South & frontier states
3. Individual freedom

Question 18

Realigning elections

Answer 18

1. Issues change, old parties seem incapable or resolving
2. Coalition of voters supporting each major party fracture and realign with new party
3. New party system
4. AKA critical election theory

Question 19

Second Party System

Answer 19

1. Federalist Party collapse
2. Single party emerged - Whigs (National Republicans)
3. Fractured into Democratic vs Whig (dominant)

Question 20

Democratic Party

Answer 20

1. Led by Andrew Jackson

2. Southern and frontier states

Question 21

Third Party System

Answer 21

1. Whig party collapse, realigned with Democrats
2. Republic party emerge
3. Democrats vs Republicans (dominant)

Question 22

Fourth Party System

Answer 22

1. Republican realignment with big business
2. Democrats seeking reforms
3. Republican dominant

Question 23

Fifth Party System

Answer 23

1. Great Depression
2. New Deal Coalition
3. Democrats dominant

Question 24

Impact of Civil Rights movement on party system

Answer 24

Final shift of African-American voters into Democratic camp

Question 25

Dealignment

Answer 25

1. Voters shifting away from parties | 2. Growing bloc

Question 26

Main function of parties

Answer 26

Formally recruit candidates

Question 27

Types of interest groups

Answer 27

1. Public interest 2. Business-oriented 3. Equity interest 4. Single-issue

Question 28

Public interest groups

Answer 28

1. Non-economic 2. Benefit entire body politic 3. Ex: AARP

Question 29

Business-oriented interest groups

Answer 29

1. Economic 2. Specific industries 3. Ex: American Bar Association

Question 30

Equity interest groups

Answer 30

1. Non-economic 2. Advance the cause of a coalition facing discrimination 3. Ex: NAACP

Question 31

Single-issue interest groups

Answer 31

1. Non-economic 2. Narrowly-defined goal 3. Ex: NRA

Question 32

Types of social movements

Answer 32

1. Revolutionary 2. Resistant 3. Alternative 4. Reform

Question 33

Secret ballot

Answer 33

Australian ballot

Question 34

Closed primary

Answer 34

1. Must declare party affiliation prior to election day | 2. Can only vote in party's primary

Question 35

Semi-closed primary

Answer 35

1. Same as closed except: | 2. Independents can vote either R or D

Question 36

Open primary

Answer 36

All voters can choose the primary they want to participate in

Question 37

Blanket primary

Answer 37

1. AKA Louisiana primary 2. Voters can vote for candidate from either party for every office on the ballot 3. Not allowed at federal level

Question 38

Hard money

Answer 38

1. Given directly to candidates 2. $2500 per candidate per cycle (individuals) 3. $5000 per candidate per cycle (PACs)

Question 39

Soft money

Answer 39

Given to parties for "electioneering activities"

Question 40

527s

Answer 40

1. Tax-exempt non-profits 2. Focus on issue advocacy and voter mobilization 3. No limits

Question 41

Federal Election Campaign Act

Answer 41

1971 Created framework for PACs

Question 42

FECA Amendments

Answer 42

1974 Limits on hard money and campaign expenditures

Question 43

McCain-Feingold Act

Answer 43

2002 Not much impact - 527 groups and Super PACs used

Question 44

Exceptions to winner take all in Electoral College

Answer 44

1. Maine | 2. Nebraska

Question 45

Structural barriers to third parties

Answer 45

1. Limited ballot access 2. Media coverage 3. Debate access