5-reading 4

Question 1

delay discounting

Answer 1

the tendency for more remote outcomes to have less value

Question 2

the tendency for more remote outcomes to have less value

Answer 2

delay discounting

Question 3

impulsivity

Answer 3

choice of a smaller, sooner

Question 4

choice of a smaller, sooner

Answer 4

impulsivity

Question 5

self control

Answer 5

choice of a larger, later

Question 6

choice of a larger, later

Answer 6

self control

Question 7

adjusting delay procedure

Answer 7

changing the delay on the second SD to basically find when at what point the pigeon switches which reinforcement schedule they prefer

check notes

Question 8

changing the delay on the second SD to basically find when at what point the pigeon switches which reinforcement schedule they prefer

check notes

Answer 8

adjusting delay procedure

Question 9

adjusting amount procedure

Answer 9

asking participants to imagine which outcome is more preferable

e.g. $50 now, $100 in a week

keep changing the now until you find the point that’s subjectively equal

Question 10

asking participants to imagine which outcome is more preferable

e.g. $50 now, $100 in a week

keep changing the now until you find the point that’s subjectively equal

Answer 10

adjusting amount procedure

Question 11

indifference point

Answer 11

a pair of alternatives that an individual find equally preferable, or chooses equally often

Question 12

a pair of alternatives that an individual find equally preferable, or chooses equally often

Answer 12

indifference point

Question 13

What are the five procedures with humans?

Answer 13

Surveys (Rachlin et al. 1991)

Adjusting amount procedure

Hypothetical outcomes

Experiential Discounting Task

Potentially real outcomes

Question 14

Surveys (Rachlin et al. 1991)

Answer 14

procedures with humans

???

Question 15

procedures with humans

???

Answer 15

Surveys (Rachlin et al. 1991)

Question 16

hypothetical outcomes

Answer 16

procedures with humans

when the reinforcer isn’t actually given

Question 17

procedures with humans

when the reinforcer isn’t actually given

Answer 17

hypothetical outcomes

Question 18

Experiential Discounting Task

Answer 18

procedures with humans

actually gets the reinforcer

e.g. $0.15 now or $0.30 in 1 min

Question 19

potentially real outcomes

Answer 19

procedures with humans

when the reinforcer could be given

Question 20

procedures with humans

when the reinforcer could be given

Answer 20

potentially real outcomes

Question 21

self-report

Answer 21

participant says what they would do???

Question 22

participant says what they would do???

Answer 22

self-report

Question 23

choice is behavior

Answer 23

to choose is to behave

???

Question 24

to choose is to behave

???

Answer 24

choice is behavior

Question 25

subject effects, bias

Answer 25

no obvious correct answer

???

Question 26

no obvious correct answer

???

Answer 26

subject effects, bias

Question 27

types of choices

Answer 27

???

Question 28

???

Answer 28

types of choices

Question 29

Bickel, Odum, & Madden (1999)

Answer 29

study with smokers

indifference point

Question 30

smoker study

indifference point

Answer 30

Bickel, Odum, & Madden (1999)

Question 31

area under the curve

Answer 31

find the areas of the trapezoid’s under the curve

tells us how impulsive the choices were

lower area = more impulsive

higher area = more self control

Question 32

quantitative analysis

Answer 32

V = A / (1 + kD)

V: subjective value (indifference point)

A: amount of larger later

D: delay

k: essentially the slope of the line (best fit curve)

Question 33

k

Answer 33

essentially the slope of the line (best fit curve)

k is inverse of AUC

Question 34

essentially the slope of the line (best fit curve)

Answer 34

k

k is inverse of AUC

Question 35

k as a hypothetical construct

Answer 35

not a real thing

saying individual is impulsive because they have a high k, us suing k as this construct

saying a behavior occurs again because it produced a reinforcer, would be using reinforcer as this construct

Question 36

it is not real

saying individual is impulsive because they have a high k, is using k as this construct

saying behavior occurs again because it produced a reinforcer, would be using reinforcer as this construct

Answer 36

k as a hypothetical construct

Question 37

k as an intervening variable

Answer 37

tries to explain relationship between IV (delay, amount) and DV (indifference points)

every term in equation 1 is well defined

unproblematic

e.g. how being a smoker impacts indifference points

Question 38

tries to explain relationship between IV (delay, amount) and DV (indifference points)

every term in equation 1 is well defined

unproblematic

e.g. how being a smoker impacts indifference points

Answer 38

k as an intervening variable

Question 39

Marking a decision then changing your mind

can occur in many types of rewards and over many time frames

e.g. person says they’re going to quit smoking, starts smoking the next day

Answer 39

preference reversal

Question 40

Marking a decision then changing your mind

can occur in many types of rewards and over many time frames

e.g. person says they’re going to quit smoking, starts smoking the next day

Answer 40

preference reversal

Question 41

k as a personality trait

Answer 41

if we tested these individuals over time, they’ll probably pick the same impulsiveness as before

e.g. the only difference is one group is nonsmokers and the other is smokers, the main difference is they’re k value

Question 42

if we tested these individuals over time, they’ll probably pick the same impulsiveness as before

e.g. the only difference is one group is nonsmokers and the other is smokers, the main difference is they’re k value

Answer 42

k as a personality trait