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BDS3 PAEDIATRICS > 5 - Safeguarding > Flashcards

5 - Safeguarding Flashcards

1
Q

Define children in need.

A

Those who require additional support or services to achieve their full potential

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2
Q

Define child protection.

A

Activity to protect specific children who are suffering, or at risk of suffering, significant harm

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3
Q

Define safeguarding children.

A
  • measures taken to minimise the risk of harm to children
  • protecting children from maltreatment
  • preventing impairment of children’s health or development
  • ensuring children are growing up in a safe and caring environment
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4
Q

Define child abuse and neglect.

A

Anything those entrusted to look after children do, or fail to do (neglect), which damages the prospects of the safe and healthy development of a child

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5
Q

What elements must be present to constitute child abuse?

A
  • significant harm to child
  • carer has some responsibility for said harm
  • significant connection between carer’s responsibility for child and the harm to the child
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6
Q

What is GIRFEC?

A
  • getting it right for every child
  • named person for every child to be the point of contact regrading the child’s wellbeing
  • shared approach to identifying concerns, recording and sharing information about the child
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7
Q

What are the factor that allow a child to be “ready to succeed”?

A
  • nurtured
  • achieving
  • healthy
  • safe
  • included
  • responsible
  • respected
  • active
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8
Q

What is the UNCRC?

A
  • right to respect
  • right to information about yourself
  • right to be protected from harm
  • right to have a say in your life
  • right to a good start in life
  • right to be and feel secure
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9
Q

What are contributing factors to child abuse? (adult)

A
  • drugs
  • alcohol
  • poverty
  • unemployment
  • martial stress
  • mental illness
  • disabled
  • domestic violence
  • step parents
  • isolation
  • abused a child (intergenerational cycle)
  • unrealistic expectations
  • violence towards pets
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10
Q

What are contributing factors to child abuse? (child)

A
  • crying
  • soiling
  • disability
  • unwanted pregnancy
  • failed expectations
  • wrong gender
  • product of forced or coerced sex
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11
Q

What are contributing factors to child abuse? (community)

A
  • dwelling place
  • housing conditions
  • neighbourhood
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12
Q

What are the big 3 concerns?

A
  • domestic violence
  • drug and alcohol misuse
  • mental health problems
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13
Q

What are the categories of child abuse?

A
  • physical
  • emotional
  • neglect
  • sexual
  • non-organic failure to thrive
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14
Q

Which children are most at risk of child abuse?

A
  • under 5s
  • irregular attenders
  • medical problems and disabilities
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15
Q

What is the effect of neglect of nutrition?

A
  • failure to thrive
  • short stature
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16
Q

What is the effect of neglect of warmth, shelter and clothing?

A
  • inappropriate clothing
  • cold injury
  • sunburn
17
Q

What is the effect of neglect of hygiene and health care?

A
  • ingrained dirt (finger nails)
  • head lice
  • dental caries
18
Q

What is the effect of neglect of stimulation and education?

A

Developmental delay

19
Q

What is the effect of neglect of affection?

A
  • withdrawn
  • attention seeking behaviour
20
Q

What is the typical victim of neglect?

A
  • child under 1yr deprived of food and drink
  • older independently mobile child being inadequately supervised (preventable accidents)
21
Q

What are the short term effects of neglect?

A
  • physical health
  • emotional health
  • social development
  • cognitive development
22
Q

What are the long term effects of neglect?

A
  • arrest
  • suicide attempts
  • major depression
  • diabetes
  • heart disease
23
Q

Define dental neglect.

A

Persistent failure to meet a child’s basic oral health needs, likely to result in serious impairment of child’s oral or general health or development

24
Q

What effects can dental neglect have on a child?

A
  • toothache, disturbed sleep
  • difficultly eating or changed preferences
  • absence from school
  • teasing due to appearance
  • severe infection, repeated antibiotics
  • repeated XGA
25
Q

Describe wilful dental neglect.

A

After problems have been pointed out:
- irregular attendance
- repeated failed appointments
- repeated late cancellations
- failure to complete treatment
- returning in pain at repeated intervals
- repeated XGA

26
Q

What are the 3 stages of managing dental neglect?

A
  • preventative dental team management
  • preventative multi-agency management
  • child protection referral
27
Q

Describe stage 1of managing dental neglect.

A
  • preventative dental team management
  • raise concerns with parents
  • offer support
  • set targets
  • keep records and monitor progress
28
Q

Describe stage 2 of managing dental neglect.

A
  • preventative multi-agency management
  • liaise with other professionals (health visitor, GP etc) to see if concerns are shared
  • common assessment framework (CAF)
  • check if child is subject to child protection plan
  • agree joint plan of action, reviewed at regular intervals
  • send letter to HV of children <5 to fail appointments
29
Q

Describe stage 3 of managing dental neglect.

A
  • child protection referral
  • in complex or deteriorating situations
  • referral is to social services by phone then followed up in writing
30
Q

What are examples of physical abuse?

A
  • over chastisement (cultural)
  • acute / compassionate (eg shaking)
  • chronic / pathological (way of life)
31
Q

Describe acute / compassionate abuse.

A
  • typically spontaneous and uncalculated reaction
  • remorse usually felt, take appropriate action taken
  • child’s needs are priority
32
Q

Describe chronic / pathological abuse.

A
  • way of life
  • help is sought but not actively
  • no remorse
  • child’s needs are not priority
33
Q

Where do accidental injuries typically occur?

A
  • bony prominences
  • match the history and description
  • in keeping with the development of the child
34
Q

Where do non-accidental injuries typically occur?

A
  • both sides of body
  • soft tissues
  • patterns
  • doesn’t match description of injury
  • delay in presentation
  • untreated
35
Q

What are oro-facial signs of physical abuse?

A
  • bruising to face (punch/slap/pinch)
  • bruising to ears (pinch/pull)
  • abrasions and lacerations
  • burns and bites
  • choking marks on neck (hand or cord)
  • eye injuries
  • hair pulling
  • fractures (nose>mandible>zygoma)
36
Q

What are intraoral signs of physical abuse?

A
  • contusions
  • bruises
  • abrasions and lacerations
  • burns
  • tooth trauma
  • frenal injuries in nonmobile children
37
Q

What is expected of the dental team when referring a child to social services?

A
  • observe
  • record
  • communicate
  • refer for assessment
  • NOT expected to diagnose abuse
38
Q

What happens after referral if the child is in immediate danger?

A
  • child protection order
  • exclusion order
  • child assessment order
  • removal by police or authority of JP

BDS3 PAEDIATRICS (11 decks)

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