5 - Sexual Differentiation Flashcards
(28 cards)
When does differentiation of the gonads occur?
Seven weeks after conception
Which gene causes testis-determining factor to be expressed?
The SRY gene on the Y chromosome
What are the components of an early, rudimentary reproductive system?
Mullerian and Wolffian ducts
In the presence of ovaries what happens to the Wolffian and Mullerian ducts?
Wolffian ducts degenerate
Mullerian ducts develop into fallopian tubes, uterus and upper part of vagina
In the presence of testis, what happens to the Wolffian and Mullerian ducts?
Mullerian ducts degenerate
Wolffian ducts develop into epidymis, vas deferens and ejaculatory duct
What brain differentiation might there be during sex differentiation?
Change may occur in the hypothalamus, which may relate to spatial abilities
What hormone secreted by the hypothalamus stimulates production of FSH and LH in the pituitary?
GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone
What does follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) do?
Controls sperm production in males and ovum follicle development in females
what does luteinizing hormone (LH) do?
Controls testosterone production in males and olvulation in females
WHat does inhibin do? What secretes it?
Secreted by testis and ovaries to suppress follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
What does prolactin do? What secretes it?
Produced in pituitary, stimulates milk production
Explain the negative feedback loop of hormones in women (the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad feedback loop)
Estrogen and progesterone inhibit the hypothalamus from secreting GnRH. This stops the pituitary from secreting FSH and LH, which in turn inhibits estrogen production.
Explain the negative feedback loop of hormones in men
Testosterone inhibits the hypothalamus from secreting GnRH, which inhibits the pituitary from secreting LH, therefore inhibiting the production of testosterone
What are the big three endocrine glands in the reproductive system?
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary
- Gonads
What it is the analogous sex organ for the male glans in females?
glans of clitoris
What it is the analogous sex organ for the male foreskin in females?
hood of clitoris
What it is the analogous sex organ for the male shaft in females?
labia minora
What it is the analogous sex organ for the male scrotal sac in females?
labia majora
What it is the analogous sex organ for the male testes in females?
ovaries
What it is the analogous sex organ for the male prostate gland in females?
skene’s gland
What it is the analogous sex organ for the male Cowper’s gland in females?
Bartholin’s glands
What are the four phases of the menstrual cycle?
- Follicular phase - Proliferative phase or preovulatory phase
- Ovulation - follicle ruptures open and releases the ripened egg
- Luteal phase - secretory phase
- Menstruation - Shedding the inner lining of the uterus
Does PMS occur just after or just before menstruation?
Just before
Do testosterone levels peak or decrease at ovulation?
peak, though study results are contradictory
