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5. The system Life Cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a system life cycle?

A

a structured process that guides the planning, creation, testing, and deployment of an information system

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2
Q

what does a system life cycle do?

A

Ensures systems are systematically developed, meeting needs of stakeholders, minimising risks and maximising efficiency

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3
Q

what’s the first stage and what’s its purpose?

A

analysis, Gather detailed requirements from stakeholders and analyse them to understand what the system should accomplish

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4
Q

what are research methods?

A

helps to analyse the current IT system in order to help understand the state of the current system

identify areas for improvement

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5
Q

what are the 4 research methods?

A

observations, interviews, questionnaires, existing documents

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6
Q

what is an observation?

A

Watching users interact with the current system to see how it acts/works

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7
Q

adv of observation

A

Reliable data
Inexpensive
Good for getting an overall picture of existing system

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8
Q

dis of observation?

A

People don’t always behave in the same way under observation

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9
Q

adv of questionnaire?

A

Quick
Inexpensive
Can be anonymous

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10
Q

dis of questionnaire

A

Can’t ask follow up questions
Low response rate
Answers might be vague

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11
Q

adv of interviews

A

Can monitor body language and facial queues
Gives employees an opportunity to

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12
Q

dis of interviews

A

Time consuming
Cannot remain anonymous
Employees may be uncomfortable and not give honest responses in fear of repercussions

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13
Q

adv of esixting docs?

A

Obtain information that can’t be obtained from other methods

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14
Q

dis of existing docs

A

Time consuming which can be costly

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15
Q

how to analyze the current system?

A

Inputs
Outputs
Processing
Problems
User requirements
Information requirements

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16
Q

what is drawn up from the results of the analysis

A

requirements specification

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17
Q

what’s the second stage and what is its purpose?

A

design
Develop architectural blueprints for the system, including database design, user interfaces, and system interfaces.

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18
Q

What are file/data structures?

A

Field names
Filed lengths
Data types
Primary keys

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19
Q

what’s a file?

A

A file consists of records and records are made up of fields
Each record is identified by its unique primary key field

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20
Q

what are different data types?

A

alphanumerical: combination of characters (letters or text) and numeric data
character:A single letter/symbol
text: Stores a combination of characters (letters, text, symbols, special characters etc.) and numeric data
boolean: Stores data in a Yes/No or True/False
numeric: Integers, Decimals,Currency
Date/Time

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21
Q

What are validation routines?

A

checks placed on data being entered to ensure it matches the design of the system

prevent errors and maintain data integrity

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22
Q

what is range check?

A

Ensures the data entered as a number falls within a particular range

For children aged between 5 and 10, checks to make sure numbers <5 and >10 are not accepted

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23
Q

what’s length check

A

Checks the length of a string

Password must be a minimum of 8 characters, checks to make sure the length is >=8

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24
Q

what’s type check

A

Check the data type of a field

Enter distance in whole miles, checks to make sure decimals are not accepted

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25
whats format check
Ensures that the data has been entered in the correct format Enter date of birth (DD/MM/YY), check to make sure the format is correct
26
what's presence check
Looks to see if any data has been entered in a field Enter your username ,check to make sure the filed has not been left blank
27
whats check digit
Check digits are numerical values that are the final digit of a larger code Barcodes
28
What are input and output formats?
What are input and output formats?
29
examples of input formats
Having a user-friendly layout Providing clear instructions Using appropriate question types - Using validation routines
30
examples of output formats
Screen layouts: Report layouts: Readability, visual appeal, and efficient use of space
31
what's the third stage and whats the purpose?
Testing verify that the system meets all requirements, functions correctly, and is free of bugs through various testing methods.
32
what are test designs
1.a method of testing a completed system to ensure all parts work as intended 2.Each module needs to be tested independently 3.Testing is done again once all modules are joined together 4. The results of testing may indicate changes need to be made, testing is repeated once all changes have been made
33
test design- data structures
Test all data is stored correctly
34
test design- file structures
Test all data is stored in the correct format
35
test designs- input formats
test that data can be entered correctly
36
test designs- output formats
Tests that screen output and reports are in the correct format
37
test designs- Validation routines
Tests that the system rejects unreasonable data being inputted
38
what are test plans and what does it consist of?
designed and implemented to ensure thorough testing of a system - Test data: specific data used for testing purposes Expected outcomes: predicted results based on test data Actual outcomes: results obtained from testing Remedial action: steps taken to fix identified issues
39
What is test data?
specific data used for testing purposes
40
what are the 4 categories of test datas?
Normal Extreme Abnormal Live
41
what is normal data
data that should be accepted in the system has a known outcome
42
what is extreme data
data that is on the limits of what is acceptable
43
what is abnormal data
outside of the limits of what is acceptable should be rejected by the system
44
what is live data
data from the old system used on the new system has known outcomes, so it can be compared to the new system to ensure the new system works
45
what's the fourth stage and its purpose?
implementation Deploy the system to the production environment and ensure all components work together in the live setting.
46
system implementation?
a process that happens after a system has been fully tested and is working correctly
47
how does implementation occur?
Data is transferred from old to new system then system changeover
48
what's a changeover
changeover is moving from the old system to the new system
49
what are the 4 ways a changeover can happen
Direct Parallel Pilot running Phased
50
what is direct changeover
The old system is replaced by the new system immediately Used when quick implementation is necessary
51
what is parallel running
Both old and new systems run simultaneously for a period before the old system is phased out Used when a smooth transition with minimal risk is required
52
what is pilot running
The new system is implemented in a small, controlled environment before full-scale implementation Used when testing the new system in a real-world setting
53
what is phased implementation
The new system is implemented in stages, with each stage replacing a part of the old system Used when a gradual transition is preferred to minimise disruption
54
adv of direct changeover
Fast implementation Cost-effective as only one system is in operation
55
dis of direct changeover
High risk of failure No fallback Users can't be trained on the new system No backup of the system
56
adv of parallel running
Lower risk Easy comparison of systems
57
dis of parallel running
Time-consuming Resource-intensive
58
adv of pilot running
Low risk as only trialled in one department/centre/branch Allows for fine-tuning Staff have time to train with the new system Few errors as it's fully tested
59
dis of pilot running
Slower implementation Potential inconsistencies Confusion as there are 2 systems in use No backup for the department/centre/branch using the new system
60
adv of phased implementation
Reduced risk Easier to manage
61
dis of phased implementation
Takes longer Potential compatibility issues
62
what is technical documentation?
detailed information on the system's inner workings and programming for developers and IT staff
63
what does technical documentation enables the system to be?
Maintained Repaired Updated
64
Technical documentation includes:
Purpose of the system/program Limitations Program listing Program language Program flowcharts/algorithms System flowcharts Hardware & software requirements File structures List of variables Input format Output format Sample runs/test runs Validation routines
65
what is user documentation?
instructions and guidance for end-users on how to operate the system enables end-users to effectively use the system and overcome problems
66
User documentation includes:
Purpose of the system Limitations Hardware & software requirements Loading/running/installing software Saving files Printing data Adding records Deleting/editing records Input format Output format Sample runs Error messages Error handling Troubleshooting guide/helpline Frequently asked questions Glossary of terms
67
what must you assess in order to evaluate a system?
The efficiency of the solution The ease of use of the solution The appropriateness of the solution
68
what benefits do you get from evaluating a system?
identify limitations and propose improvements
69
how to evaluate a system's performance?
Resource usage Time Cost
70
how to evaluate the ease of use?
1.user-friendly 2. accessible the solution is for its intended audience 3. system is easy to learn and use, 4. users can accomplish their tasks without difficulty
71
how to evaluate the efficiency of the solution?
1. is the system is operating optimally or if improvements could be made to its efficiency 2. areas that may be consuming excessive resources or time,
72
how to evaluate the appropriateness of the solution?
1. Compare the implemented solution with the original task requirements. 2. evaluate how well it meets the intended purpose 3.Outline the initial objectives of the system and discuss how the solution addresses each one 4. Highlight requirements that haven't been fully met and discuss possible reasons for this 5. Collect users' responses to the results of testing the system 6. identify limitations and propose improvements
73

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