B3b-proteins And Mutations Flashcards
What are proteins made of?
Long chains of amino acids
What are structural proteins?
Physically strong
Eg
Collagen
Strengthens connective tissues
What are hormones?
Proteins
Carry messages around the body
Eg
Insulin
What are carrier molecules?
Transport smaller molecules
Eg
Haemoglobin
What are enzymes?
Control cell reactions
Proteins
How are proteins made?
- amino acids coded for by a sequence of three bases in gene
- amino acids put together make a protein
What is a biological catalyst?
Substance that speeds up a reaction
What do enzymes do?
-catalyse chemical reactions in living cells (respiration,photosynthesis)
How do enzymes have a high specificity for their substrate?
They usually only work with one substrate
What is the lock and key mechanism?
- substrate fits into active site of enzyme
- reaction catalysed
- enzyme unchanged after reaction
How do temperatures affect enzyme activity?
- low temperatures : lower collision rate, slower reaction
- high temperatures: enzymes and substrate have more energy, higher collision rate
Why do enzymes have an optimum temperature?
- If its too hot bonds golding enzymes will break
- enzymes denature
How does pH affect enzymes?
If its too high or low it interferes with bonds holding the enzyme together
Denatures it
What are sone examples of proteins?
Collagen
Insulin
Haemoglobin
What is Q10?
Shows how rate of reaction changes temperature
