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Biology > B2 > Flashcards

B2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the classification series

A 
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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2
Q

Define species

A

A group of similar organisms that are capable of breeding to produce fertile offspring

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3
Q

Give some examples of species that are difficult to classify and why

A

Archaeopteryx

They do not fit into one group, share characteristics from reptiles and birds

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4
Q

Define pyramid of numbers

A

Each block relates to the number of organisms

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5
Q

Define pyramid of biomass

A

Each block relates to biomass (dry mass)

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6
Q

What 3 ways is energy lost from a food chain

A

Egestion- undigested food transferred out of food chain
Respiration- releases energy for movement and warmth
Excretion- e.g. sweat, urine

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7
Q

How does efficiency of energy transfer explain the limited length of food chains

A
  • Energy leaves at each link in food chain
  • Very little energy left for last organism
  • If there were more organisms they would not receive enough energy
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8
Q

3 reasons why recycling nutrients takes longer in water-logged soil

A

Poor conditions - slow decay rate
Water-logged - lack of oxygen
Acidic soil - pH too low

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9
Q

What are the 3 actions which cause carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? (Carbon cycle)

A

Combustion of fossil fuels
Respiration
Decay of animals by microbes

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10
Q

What 1 action decreases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? (Carbon cycle)

A

Photosynthesis

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11
Q

What creates coal, oil and gas? (Carbon cycle)

A

Fossilisation decay and pressure of carbon compounds in animals and plants

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12
Q

What 1 action adds nitrogen to the air? (Nitrogen cycle)

A

Denitrifying bacteria release nitrogen from nitrates

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13
Q

What 1 action uses nitrogen from air? (Nitrogen cycle)

A

Nitrogen fixing bacteria in some plants use nitrogen to make plant proteins

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14
Q

What 3 processes make ammonia? (Nitrogen cycle)

A

Denitrifying bacteria produce ammonia from nitrates
Animal excretion
Decay of plant and animal proteins

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15
Q

What 1 process uses ammonia

A

Nitrifying bacteria use ammonia to make nitrates

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16
Q

Give examples of interspecific and intraspecific competition

A

Interspecific- red and grey squirrels (different species)- food
Intraspecific- 2 troops of baboons- same needs

17
Q

Define mutualism

A

Both organisms gain some benefit

18
Q

Define parasitism

A

One organism benefits at the cost of the other

19
Q

Define generalist

A

Organisms that are able to live in a range of habitats

20
Q

What are living fossils

A

Organisms that have not changed over millions of years

21
Q

What is exponential growth

A

The more individuals there are in a population, the faster the population growth

22
Q

What are the 4 main air pollutants

A

Sulfur dioxide
Nitrogen oxides
Carbon dioxide
CFCs

23
Q

Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides effect on the environment

A 
Dissolve in rain to form acid rain
Damage plant leaves
Acidify lakes
Cause bronchitis
Change minerals available in water supplies
24
Q

Carbon dioxide effect on the environment

A

Greenhouse gas

Keeps more heat in atmosphere

25
Q

CFCs effect on the environment

A

Destroy ozone layer
More UV radiation
Skin cancer

26
Q

2 main water pollutants

A

Untreated sewage

Detergents

27
Q

Untreated sewage effect on the environment

A

Bacteria cause disease

Nitrates kill fish

28
Q

Detergents effect on the environment

A

Kill organisms in water

Affect food chains

29
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms

A 
Plants
Animals
Fungi
Protoctista
Prokaryotes
30
Q

What is sustainable development

A

Using resources for human needs without harming the environment

31
Q

5 main reasons for animal extinction

A 
Building activities destroy habitats
Humans overhunt for food and pleasure
Humans pollute environment
Humans outcompete for resources
Human activities cause climate change which contribute to species dying out

Biology (4 decks)

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