Kinetic Model Of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What’re the properties of a solid?

A

1) Fixed shape
2) Fixed volume
3) Does not flow
4) Highly incompressible

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2
Q

What’re the properties of a liquid?

A

1) No fixed shape/Takes shape of container
2) Fixed volume
3) Flows easily
4) Not compressible

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3
Q

What’re the properties of a gas?

A

1) No fixed shape
2) No fixed volume
3) Assumes shape and volume of its container
4) Highly compressible
5) Flows easily

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4
Q

What’s the arrangement of particles in a solid?

A

Arranged close together in regular pattern.

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5
Q

What’s the arrangement of particles in a liquid?

A

Molecules not arranged in regular pattern and are slightly further apart than in solids.

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6
Q

What’s the arrangement of particles in a gas?

A

Molecules are far apart

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7
Q

Explain why solids cannot be compressed.

A

Molecules are arranged close together and there’s little space between them.

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8
Q

Explain why liquids can’t be compressed.

A

Molecules are close together and there’s little space between them.

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9
Q

Explain why gases can be compressed.

A

Molecules are sparse and there’s lots of space between them.

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10
Q

What’re the motion of solid particles?

A

Balanced forces between molecules which hold them in fixed positions. Molecules vibrate about fixed positions, alternately attracting and repelling one another.

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11
Q

What’re the motion of liquid particles?

A

Molecules vibrate to and fro, alternately attracting and repelling one another with forces which can be just as strong as those in a solid.

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12
Q

What’re the motion of gas particles?

A

Molecules move randomly at high speed, colliding with one another and with walls of container.

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13
Q

Explain why solid has a fixed shape and fixed volume.

A

Strong attractive forces prevent molecules from leaving their positions while repulsive forces which act when they are too close to each other prevent them from collapsing.

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14
Q

Explain why liquids flow and take the shape of their container.

A

Though there’s forces between molecules, they are not held in fixed position. Because of this, molecules move among one another throughout liquid.

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15
Q

Explain why gases are able to fill a container completely and freely.

A

Intermolecular forces act only at moments of collision. Otherwise, molecules are so far apart that the intermolecular forces become negligible.

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16
Q

Explain why a solid is able to expand.

A

When solid heated, molecules gain energy and vibrate. Separation between molecules increases slightly and solid expands.

17
Q

Explain why liquids have definite volumes.

A

Attractive forces between molecules make it difficult for molecules to leave liquid.

18
Q

How do liquids expand?

A

When liquid heated, molecules vibrate and move about vigorously. Thus liquid expands slightly only to a very slight extent.

19
Q

Explain the Brownian motion.

A

Continuos haphazard motion of particles, such as, that of smoke particles in smoke cell. Random motion of smoke particles due to unbalanced forces acting on smoke particles when air molecules collide with them. Irregular/random motion of smoke particles result of smoke particles being bit by unseen fast moving air molecules.

20
Q

What is the kinetic theory of matter?

A

It states that all matter made of large number of tiny atoms/ molecules which are in continuous motion.

21
Q

Explain why Brownian motion of smoke particles in the air becomes more vigorous when temperature is higher.

A

Surrounding air particles move faster, hitting smoke particles more frequently with greater force. When temperature increases, thermal energy transferred to molecules and molecules gain KE, causing molecules to move faster.

22
Q

Explain the motion of molecules and pressure.

A

Pressure of gas due to elastic collisions of gas molecules with walls of container. Gas molecules collide with container’s walls, force exerted on wall. Magnitude of force increases when: speed of molecules increase, more molecules collide with wall per unit time.

23
Q

Why does pressure increase as temperature increase?

A

For fixed mass of gas at constant volume, when temperature of gas in container increases, molecules move faster and hit walls with greater frequency and force, causing pressure to increase.

24
Q

Why does volume of gas increase when temperature increase?

A

Kinetic energy of gas molecules increases, collisions of air molecules increase, thus volume increases as pressure is kept constant.

25
Q

Why does the pressure of a gas in a container increase when volume decreases?

A
  1. Area of walls of container is smaller
  2. Number of gas molecules per hit volume increases.
  3. Hence rate of collision of gas molecules with unit area of container’s walls increases.
26
Q

Explain the motion of molecules and temperature.

A

As temperature increases, surrounding air particles hit walls with greater force and higher frequency. When temperature increases, thermal energy is transferred to molecules, molecules gain KE and move faster