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DIT Microbiology > Micro 22 - RNA Viruses Part 1 > Flashcards

Micro 22 - RNA Viruses Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does Rotavirus cause?

A

Primary cause of fatal diarrhea in children worldwide under the age of 5. Causes severe diarrhea and vomiting leading to dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities.

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2
Q

What time of the year are rotavirus outbreaks the most common?

A

During the winter months, often seen in daycare centers and playgrounds.

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3
Q

What does Coltivirus cause?

A

[Colt C.O.]
Colorado tick fever. Spread by woodtick, causes acute, self-limited flu-like illness. Found in mountainous regions of western US and Canada.

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4
Q

What is the subfamily of virus that is part of the Picornaviruses?

A

Rhinovirus. Enterovirus that can be further divided into four important smaller groups: poliovirus, coxsackievirus, hepatitis A, and echovirus.

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5
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Poliovirus?

A

Infects gray matter of anterior horn of spinal cord and motor neurons of pons and medulla, causing paralysis.

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6
Q

What is the difference between the polio vaccines Salk and Sabin vaccine?

A

[SalK Killed]

Salk Vaccine is Injected and killed. Sabin vaccine is oral and live.

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7
Q

What does Echovirus cause? What time of the year is it mostly likely to strike?

A

Causes aseptic meningitis, myocarditis and URIs. Likes to strike during summer.

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8
Q

What does Coxsackievirus cause?

A

Aseptic meningitis, Myocarditis, Herpangina, Hand-foot-mouth disease, Febrile pharyngitis.

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9
Q

What are the four disease that can cause rash on palms and soles?

A

Hand-foot-mouth disease (coxsackievirus), Meningococcus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Syphilis.

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10
Q

What are the two viruses that cause “The Common cold”?

A

Rhinovirus and Coronavirus.

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11
Q

What important virus are part of the Caliciviruses?

A

Norwalk Virus.

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12
Q

What does Norwalk virus cause?

A

Viral gastroenteritis: vomiting and diarrhea.

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13
Q

In what settings does Norwalk appear?

A

Winter and on cruise ships and nursing homes.

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14
Q

What five diseases belong to the Flaviviruses?

A

Hepatitis C, Yellow fever, Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, St.Louis Encephalitis.

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15
Q

How is Yellow fever virus spread? What parts of the world is it most common?

A

Transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Found in sub-Saharan Africa and South America.

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of Yellow fever?

A

High fever, Hemorrhagic fever (Hemoptisis, gum bleeding, petechie, black vomit), Jaundice.

17
Q

What are the 2 presentations of Dengue fever?

A

Classic dengue fever (Break Bone Fever): muscle/joint pain, headache, retro-orbital pain. Hemorrhagic fever: developed less than 20% of dengue patients.

18
Q

What is the Tourniquet Test?

A

A WHO field test for hemorrhagic dengue fever: Blood pressure is inflated to a point between SBP and DBP. If excess petechiae: Increased capillary wall fragility and thrombocytopenia.

19
Q

How is West Nile virus transmitted?

A

Birds are the reservoir, and mosquitoes are the vectors. Humans, horses and dogs are incidental hosts. Human viremia is so low that it cannot infect another human with a mosquito intermediate.

20
Q

What are the symptoms of West Nile Virus?

A

Usually only headache, malaise, back pain, myalgia and anorexia for 3-6 days. Severe symptoms in 1/150: meningitis and/or encephalitis including muscle weakness and flaccid paralysis (via anterior-horn involvement), alterations in consciousness, possibly death.

21
Q

How is West Nile Virus diagnosed?

A

PCR (Not FDA approved) or Serology for IgM anti-WNV antibodies.

22
Q

What are the 4 arboviruses that cause encephalitis?

A

St. Louis encephalitis virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, California encephalitis virus. Arbo: carried by arthropod vector.

23
Q

What a member of the Togavirus?

A

Rubella (German measels).

24
Q

What are the symptoms of Congenital rubella syndrome?

A

Cardiac defects (Patent ductus arteriosus, Pulmonic stenosis), Cataracts and Deafness.

25
Q

What are two Retroviruses?

A

HIV, Human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV).

26
Q

What virus would cause fever, jaundice and black vomit?

A

Yellow fever.

27
Q

What viruses might cause meningitis in summer months?

A

Echovirus, coxsackievirus, other enteroviruses.

28
Q

What virus infects motor neurons of the anterior horn?

A

Poliovirus and West Nile virus.

29
Q

What are the two important viruses in the Reovirus family? What are the characteristics of the Reovirus family?

A

Rotavirus and Coltivirus. They are non-enveloped icosahedral, dsRNA virus.

DIT Microbiology (33 decks)

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