EDTEC 544 - Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is learning
A change in the learner’s knowledge due to experience
Elements of learning
- Learning involves change 2. What the learner knows changes 3. The learner’s experience causes the change
What is instruction
The training professional’s manipulation of the learner’s experiences to foster learning
The three metaphors of learning
- Response strengthening
- Information acquisition
- Knowledge construction
The three principles and processes of learning
- Dual channels
- Limited capacity
- Active processing
Dual Channels
A. Visual/Pictorial information B. Auditory/Verbal information
Limited Capacity
Learners can actively process only a few pieces of information in each channel at one time.
Active Processing
Learning occurs through cognitive processing during learning
Cognitive processing
A. Attending to relevant material
B. Organizing material into a coherent structure
C. Integrating material with what’s already known
Cognitive process related to cognitive theory of multimedia learning
- Selecting words and images 2. Organizing words and images 3. Integrating
Extraneous processing
Cognitive processing of extraneous text and pictures
Essential processing
Cognitive processing of the core material
Generative processing
Cognitive processing aimed to deepen understanding of the material
Cognitive load
The burden imposed on working memory from information to be held plus information to be processed
Four key processes related to learning from e-lessons
- Learner must focus on core material (graphics and words)
- Learner must rehearse new info in working memory to organize and integrate it with prior knowledge
- For successful integration, working memory must not be overloaded
- Process transfer - new knowledge must be retrieved back on the job
