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Orthotics and Prosthetics > Intro to Orthotics > Flashcards

Intro to Orthotics Flashcards

1
Q

Basic Goals

A
  • Maintenance/correction of body segment alignment
  • Assistance/Resistance to joint motion
  • Relief of distal weight bearing forces
  • Protection against physical insult
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2
Q

FO

A

Foot Orthosis

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3
Q

AFO

A

Ankle Foot Orthosis

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4
Q

KO

A

Knee Orthosis

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5
Q

KAFO

A

Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis

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6
Q

HKAFO

A

Hip Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis

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7
Q

HO

A

Hip Orthosis

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8
Q

“Ideal Orthosis”

A

Function
Comfort
Cosmetic

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9
Q

Accomodative FO

A

Foot cannot attain neutral, FO may shim the gap to the fixed position

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10
Q

Corrective FO

A

May help the foot attain neutral position

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11
Q

SACH Heel

A

Heels that allow you to roll into PF position

Mimics First Rocker

Knee stability and achieve extended position earlier

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12
Q

Metatarsal Bars

A

For people with difficulties at the toe

Mimics the third rocker, stimulate metatarsal

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13
Q

DAFO (abb.)

A

Dynamic Ankle Foot Orthosis

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14
Q

Dynamic Ankle Foot Orthosis

A

Pediactric foot orthosis - CP, high tone

Most aggressive way to control just the foot

Limits movement of midfoot and forefoot - holding foot in functional position

Restricts Mobility, controls tone/spasticity

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15
Q

UCBL

A

Rigid plastic total contact design - insert into shoes

Hind foot/mid foot correction

Seen a lot in pediactrics population

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16
Q

Supra Maleolar Orthosis (SMO)

A

Needs to worn tightly with strap, unlike UCBL that is loosely placed

less invasive than standard AFO

Ankle stability that allows for some toe movement

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17
Q

Superwrap

A

Neuromuscular facilitator similar to an ACE wrap

Combo of kinesiotape and ACE wrap

Allow for control in flexible format, also lighter

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18
Q

Most common AFO

A 
Metal Bars
Total Contact
Floor reaction
Unweighting
Immobilizing
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19
Q

Solid Ankle Foot Orthosis (SAFO)

A

Rigid AFO made of thermoplastic

Resist PF during swing phase

Locked ankle in AFO generates EXTENSOR moment at the knee during stance

20
Q

Principles with PF control system with SAFO

A

Large primary force is applied in a posterior-inferior direction over anterior surface of ankle

21
Q

Bilateral Metal Upright (bars)

A

Used for specific scenarios such as: post-polio, neuropathic feet

Foot added to it as well

22
Q

Different AFO styles

A

Carbon Fiber
Spiral AFO
Posterior Leaf Spring
Dynamic

23
Q

Carbon Fiber AFO

A

energy returning

24
Q

Spiral AFO

A

limited control in all planes

25
Q

Posterior Leaf Spring AFO

A

most common, narrow posterior shell, no M/L support

26
Q

Dynamic

A

allows the most ankle motion

Aggressive spring assist/tilts forward

27
Q

Total Contact AFO

A

Provides better contact of PF, DF, AND inversion/eversion

28
Q

Floor Reaction AFO (FRO)

A

prevents forward tibial progression and subsequent knee collapse

Anterior orthosis - better for crouched, spastic knee flexion gaits

29
Q

FRO not appropriate for who?

A

gen recurvatum or ACL deficient knees

30
Q

Double Action Ankle

A

“Bi-channel adjustable ankle lock (BiCAAL)”

Can have a spring in one or 2 directions

31
Q

Articulated vs Non-Articulated

A

Non-articulated: does not have the capacity for more movement so they need more control

Articulated: allows for more natural movement

32
Q

Limited Motion Ankle Control

A

Bichannel adjustable ankle lock (BiCAAL)

Anterior Stop

Posterior Stop

33
Q

Bichannel Adjustable Ankle Lock (BiCAAL)

A

anterior and posterior channels that can be fit with pins to reduce motion or springs to assist motion

Gives spring in both directions

34
Q

Anterior Stop/Dorsiflexion Stop

A

Determines the limits of ankle dorsiflexion

Slight DF (5 degrees) = knee flexion

Controls knee hyperextension

35
Q

Posterior Stop/Plantarflexion Stop

A

Limits of ankle plantarflexion

Slight PF (5 degrees) = knee extension

Control unstable knee that buckles

36
Q

Spring Assist (Klenzak Housing)

A

Single anterior channel for spring assists to aid dorsiflexion

37
Q

Posterior Leaf Spring (PLS)

A

plastic AFO inserted into shoe

Prevents foot drop

38
Q

T Straps

A

Varus or Valgus correction straps

Medial strap = Valgus
Lateral strap = Varus

39
Q

Unweighting AFO

A

Patellar Tendon Bearing

Specific Weight Bearing

Total Surface Bearing

40
Q

Immobilizing AFO

A

Used for LE deficincy when ankle immobilization is desired:

Distal tibia/fibula fraction
Foot bone fracures
Tendoncalcaneous Rupture
Diabetic Foot (Charcot Foot)

41
Q

Functional Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation

A

Bioness

Electrical stimulation to return muscle activation

42
Q

Knee Orthosis

A

Malalignment - genu varum, valgum, reucurvatum

Protect knee from undue loading/stress

43
Q

Athletic KO

A

Preventative

Decreases lever arm which may not be sufficient

44
Q

Non-Articulated KO

A

Short term use

Difficulty with mobility

Swedish knee cage for Genu Recurvatum

45
Q

Pawl locks with Bail Release

A

Bail release on back so when it is pushed up onto it will allow the knee to flex

Will lock in extension for walking

Orthotics and Prosthetics (6 decks)

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