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CWI Textbook Chapters > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Destructive testing

A

render the test material useless for services - loaded to failure

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2
Q

Strength

A

the ability to of a material to withstand an applied load

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3
Q

Tensile Strength

two types

A

the ability of a metal to resist failure when subject to tensile or pulling load.

Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength

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4
Q

Shear

A

a ductile mode of failure

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5
Q

Torsional Strength

A

a twisting or rotation force (strength)

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6
Q

impact Strength

A

same as Notch toughness - dependent on geometry

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7
Q

Fatigue Strength

A

Cyclic or repeated mechanical action on a member till failure

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8
Q

Ultimate tensile strength (UTS)

A

The maximum load-carrying capacity of that metal at the exact point when failure occurs

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9
Q

Elasticity

A

the deformation os a metal under load which causes no permanent deformation when the load is removed

  • no permanent defamation or “set”
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10
Q

Plastic

A

when a metal is stressed beyond its elastic limit

-permanent defamation or “set”

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11
Q

Yield point / yield strength

A

the point at which a material’s behavior changes from elastic to plastic is referred to as its yield point.

  • used for the maximum load for structures
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12
Q

As temp increases strength ?

A

decreases

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13
Q

The harder a metal the tensile strength

A

increases and vice versa

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14
Q

Tensile testing

must have the following 3 features

Two common shapes of specimen

A

Uses a reduced section that is intended to localize failure

  • uniform cross section
  • Easily measured to a cross sectional area can be calculated
  • Free from surface irregularities

two most common type are CIRCULAR & RECTANGULAR

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15
Q

Toughness

A

a measure of a metal’s ability to absorb energy
usually as slow rate

toughness properties values only have meaning with temperature information.

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16
Q

Ductility
Temp change?
opposite of ductile is?
Expressed in two ways?

A

the ability of a material to deform, or stretch, under load without failing.

Directly related to temperature
ductility increases at higher temps and decrease at higher temps

opposite of ductile is brittle

Percent elongation and percent reduction of area

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17
Q

Rolling direction

A

Rolling direction = X
Transverse direction is = Y
Through thickness direction = Z

18
Q

Hardness

A

ability of a metal to resist penetration o r indentation

19
Q

Hardness Tests

A

Tests are performed using some type of penetrator which is forced against the surface of the test object

20
Q

Brinell hardnes test

BHN?

A

Prepare test surface / apply test load, hold load for prescribed time, measure impression diameter, determine BHN from table

Covers a large area

reduces problems with surface irregularities and localized hardness

BHN = Brinell hardness number

10mm hardened steel ball & 3000 kg load
or 10mm tungsten carbide ball & 500kg load

Field testing uses a hamer blow

21
Q

Rockwell Method Hardness test

A

smaller indentations than Brinell testing
Loader are also less @ 60kg to 150kg

Prepare test surface / place test in Rockwell tester, apply minor load using elevating screw / apply major load / release major load / release minor load and remove part

22
Q

Microhardness test

A

hardnest test with impressions so small that high magnification os required . can be performed on a single gran if metal.

Vickers indicator has equal sides
& Knoop indicator has a long and short dimension

Prepare test surface / place specimen in holding fixture / locate area of interest using microscope / Make indention / Measure indention using microscope / Determine hardness using tables and calculations

23
Q

BHN?

A

= Brinell hardness number

this number X 500 is about the same as the metals tensile strength

24
Q

Notch toughness

A

materials energy absorbing ability when there are surface flaws present

toughness usually defines the materials behavior when loaded slowly / Notch toughness values reflect the energy absorption which occurs at high rate of loading

also referred to as impact strength

notch toughness decrease as its hardness increases and its tempura rue is reduced

25
Q

Toughness test

A

Determine the temperature at which fracture behavior changes from ductile to brittle - Ductile and brittle transition temperature

Chirpy V notch test

Consist of pendulum with striker head, an anvil, release lever, a pointer and a scale

26
Q

Endurance limit

A

maximum stress at which no failure will occur, no matter how many cycles the load is applied

(fatigue strength of carbon steels is roughly equal to half its tensile strength)

27
Q

Soundness Testing

A

Metals soundness referee to its freedom from imperfections - its to see if the weld metal contained any imperfections or defects

28
Q

3 types of sound ness test

A

Bend, Nick-break, fillet break

29
Q

Bend test

3 types of bends

A

Face, root, & side bend
3 types of bends
- Guided bend, roller equipped guided bend , Wrap around guided bend.

30
Q

Nick-break test

A

Used by pipeline energy
- Judges soundness of the weld by fracturing the specimen through the weld so the fracture surface can be examined for the presence of discontinuities

31
Q

Fillet break test

A

soundness test used primarily for welders certification

32
Q

Stress Relief

A

a controlled heat treatment which relieves residual stress in metal

33
Q

Tempering

A

a heat treatment, usually of a quenched steel, that reduces sadness and restores ductility and toughness

34
Q

Silicon

A

Small amounts .20% (up to 50%)
Deoxidizer
strengthens Iron

35
Q

Manganese

A

Small amounts 30%

Deoxidizer, prevent inclusion, increased strength and hardness

36
Q

Chromium

A

powerful alloying element in steel,

Increases harden ability
improves corrosion resistance

37
Q

Molybdenum

A

Less than 1%

improves toughness and ductility (at low temps)

38
Q

Aluminum

A

Added to steel in very small amounts as deoxidizer
improved toughness
“fine Grain practice”

39
Q

Vanadium

A

Harden ability of steel

only .05%`

40
Q

Niobium (Columbium)

A

Considered to increase harden-ability

stabilizer and improves weldability

41
Q

Dissolved gases

A

Hydrogen, Oxygen and nitrogen
not good for steel
causes embrittle steel and cause porosity

CWI Textbook Chapters (10 decks)

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