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History > English Civil War and Cromwell in Ireland > Flashcards

English Civil War and Cromwell in Ireland Flashcards

1
Q

Why did a civil war break out(5 points)

A

Charles spent lots of money on himself and then asked parliament for more money. He also made the country pay ‘ship tax’ to keep up the Royal Navy. He clashed with the scots , he shut down parliament for 11 years and when he asked for money, parliament killed one of his top advisors

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2
Q

What was the battle called in 1642 and who won?

A

The battle of edge hill where the royalists won

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3
Q

What was the battle called in 1643?

A

The first ‘battle of Newbury’

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4
Q

What was the battle called in 1644 and who won?

A

Marsden moor where there was no real winner

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5
Q

What was the battle called in 1645 and who won?

A

Battle of Naseby and Cromwell and his ‘new model army’ won

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6
Q

Name 4 key people in the civil war and who they supported:

A

Charles 1 (Royalists), Prince Rupert (Royalists), Oliver Cromwell (Parliamentarians), Thomas Fairfax (Parliamentarians)

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7
Q

When was Charles 1 put on trial?

A

20 January 1649

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8
Q

Why did Cromwell come to Ireland?

A

To crush the Irish rebels, to reward those who supported parliament, to defeat the supporters of the King who controlled drogheda and to take land for payment of his soldiers’ wages

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9
Q

How many troops did Cromwell send to drogheda?

A

10,000

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10
Q

Who was the English officer in command of drogheda?

A

Sir Arthur Aston

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11
Q

How did James 2 fall out with parliament (4 points)

A

He kept a large army, he promoted catholic officers in the army, he tried to undo cromwell’s work in Ireland and his son was baptised a catholic

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12
Q

How were William and James 2 related?

A

Nephew -> Uncle

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13
Q

When did the glorious revolution take place?

A

1688

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14
Q

Advantages of the cavalry

A

The land in England was good for them and the could quickly change attacking positions easily

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15
Q

Disadvantages of the musket

A

They were slow and inaccurate (50 metres max)

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16
Q

Advantages of the pikemen

A

It was used to force the enemy back. Easy to move around and useful for keeping horses away

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17
Q

Disadvantages of the cannon

A

Misfires were a common occurrence, they could only be fired every 3 minutes, the were large, bulky and slow

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18
Q

All the Kings during the civil war in order:

A

Charles 1, Oliver Cromwell, Charles 2, James 2, William and Mary

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19
Q

What 4 weapons were used in the civil war?

A

Musket, cavalry, cannon and pikemen

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20
Q

What was the restoration?

A

The British monarchy being restored

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21
Q

What 4 rules were on the bill of rights?

A
  • No catholic would become king
  • Catholics were not allowed to vote
  • Parliament would decide the laws and taxes, not the King
  • Parliament would keep a check on the army
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22
Q

Who was part of the grand alliance against Louis?

A 
King Carlos of Spain
The emperor Leopold of Austria
The ruler of Prussia
The ruler of Bavaria
William III, prince of orange
Pope innocent II
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23
Q

What was Louis’ plan?

A
  • The help James regain his throne by supporting him in Ireland
  • To keep William occupied with the fighting in Ireland for as long as possible
  • To use the confliction in Ireland as an advantage over the grand alliance which opposed him in Europe
24
Q

What was William’s plan?

A
  • To send an army to Ireland to defeat James

- To seek a quick victory and return to his main concern(the war in Europe against Louis)

25
Q

What was James’ plan?

A
  • To raise an army in Ireland with French help
  • To defeat William’s supporters in Ireland
  • To use Ireland as a stepping stone to regain his throne in England
26
Q

Why was William called ‘William of Orange’?

A

Because orange was the national colour of Holland

27
Q

Who did William marry?

A

The elder daughter of James II

28
Q

What was William’s appearance like?

A

He was hunchback, short, asthmatic and had marks on his face

29
Q

Which country did William want on his side against Louis?

A

England

30
Q

When William landed in England where did James go?

A

He fled to France in search of Louis’ help

31
Q

Why did William go to Ireland?

A

To get a quick victory and return to fighting Louis

32
Q

Who’s army won the battle in Ireland?

A

William’s army won

33
Q

When did William die?

A

In 1702 after he suffered injuries from when a horse stumbled on a molehill and threw him

34
Q

What were supporters of James known as?

A

Jacobites

35
Q

How many Jacobites are there?

A

25,000 (6,000 were French)

36
Q

What were supporters of William called?

A

Williamites

37
Q

How many Williamites were there?

A

36,000 men (Dutch, Danes, German and French Protestants)

38
Q

How long did the siege of Derry last?

A

105 days

39
Q

Why did the siege of Derry start?

A

Because Londonderry got in the way of James’ plan to crush Williamite supporters in Ulster.

40
Q

When do Cromwell arrive in Ireland?

A

15th August 1649

41
Q

How many troops did he send to Drogheda?

A

10,000 men

42
Q

Who was in charge of defending drogheda?

A

Sir Arthur Aston

43
Q

What happened when Catholic rebels refused to surrender drogheda?

A

Hundreds of people rushed to the church and hid. Then Cromwell ordered that the church be set alight and all of the people were killed, even the local priests

44
Q

Why did The English monarchy set up plantations in Ireland?

A

To gain more control over Ireland and to grow the Protestant religion

45
Q

Why did the Munster plantations fail?

A

Because of a lack of settlers and the land wasn’t as good (fertile) as people said it would be

46
Q

What were some of the consequences of the civil war?

A

Oliver Cromwell also shut out parliament for a while and he also banned entertainment and Christmas etc for people which didn’t go down well

47
Q

What did Cromwell do in drogheda?

A

He massacred a third of it

48
Q

What were conditions like during the siege of derry?

A

They were very difficult. The weather was wet and people had to sleep in the open. People had to eat dogs, cats and even tallow to try and survive. Many people were sick and wounded.

49
Q

Why did the siege of Derry end?

A

Williamite ships broke the boom and sailed up to the city to rescue people.

50
Q

What was the boom?

A

A barrier in the water that was very hard to break

51
Q

Between what dates did Jacobites bombard the city of Derry with mortars?

A

2nd of June and 21st July

52
Q

What were the rules for the Laois and Offaly plantation?

A
  1. Any contact with the Irish natives was forbidden
  2. Settlers had to build stone houses
  3. Soldiers and settlers from the pale were given land to rent
  4. Settlers had to be provided with weapons
53
Q

Why did the Laois and Offaly plantation fail?

A

Lack of settlers

54
Q

What were the rules for the Munster plantation?

A
  1. Introduce English methods of farming
  2. Provide settlers with weapons
  3. Provide settlers with somewhere safe to go if under attack
  4. Allow no Irish tenants on your land
55
Q

What were the rules for the Munster plantation?

A
  1. Introduce English methods of farming

History (9 decks)

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