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Neuroscience I test 2 > Gustatory and Olfactory System Histology > Flashcards

Gustatory and Olfactory System Histology Flashcards

1
Q

what part of the tongue has the lingual tonsils

A

posterior 1/3

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2
Q

anterior 2/3 of tongue comes from what branchial arches

A

1 and 2

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3
Q

posterior 1/3 of tongue comes from what arches?

A

3 and 4

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4
Q

what kind of epithelium is the dorsal surface of the tongue

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, supported by a lamina propria

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5
Q

intrinsic muscle bundles of tongue

A

superior longitudinal
inferior longitudinal
transversus linguae
verticalis linguae

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6
Q

what glands extend across the lamina propria and muscle of tongue and open into the crypts and furrows of the ____ and ____

A

serous and mucous

lingual tonsils and circumvallate papillae

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7
Q

lingual papillae

  • location
  • formed by what
A

dorsal surface of tongue

formed by highly vascular CT of stratified squamous epithelium

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8
Q

4 types of lingual papillae

A

filiform
fungiform
circumvallate
foliate papillae

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9
Q

which of the 4 types of lingual papillae do not have taste buds and location? and function

A

filiform papilla
anterior part of tongue
grab ahold of food

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10
Q

geographic tongue

A

oral manifestation of psoriasis
-area of erythema with atrophy of filiform papillae of tongue so dead skin spots on tongue
surrounded by white hyperkeratottic border

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11
Q

fungiform papilla cell type and location

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamos

5 taste buds along apical surface of tongue

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12
Q

serous glands or ebner’s glands are associated with what papilla

A

foliate and circumvallate

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13
Q

ebner’s glands secrete what

A
  • lingual lipase, break down food

- VEGP, bind flavor chemicals and transport to taste receptors

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14
Q

what kind of cells are foliate papillae

A

stratififed squamous epithelium

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15
Q

parts of foliate papillae

A

lateral surface has taste buds

taste pores centrally

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16
Q

location of circumvallate papillae

A

posterior part of tongue in front of the sulcus terminalis

-surrounded by a circular furrow or trench

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17
Q

taste bud has 3 cell components

A
  • taste receptor
  • supporting cell
  • precursor (basal cell)
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18
Q

taste bud receptors found on the posterior pharynx and epiglottis are innervagted by what

A

vagus nerve

-last defense mechanism for bad tasting things you don’t want to eat so can spit out

19
Q

the basal portion of taste receptor makes contact with what

A

afferent nerve terminal derived from neuons in sensory ganglia of nerves VII, IX, X

20
Q

taste and G protein response

A

1) tastant diffuse through taste pore and interact with G protein linked taste receptors (TR1 and TR2)

2) GTP binds alpha subunit of G complex (gustducin)
3) a subunit-GTP complex opens and closes ion channels to hyperpolarize or depolarize cell
4) calcium comes in and causes NT release from taste cell
5) binds and activates afferent nerve terminal

21
Q

5 taste sensations

A

sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami

22
Q

facial nerve carries what taste sensations

A

all 5

23
Q

IX carries what taste sensations?

A

sweet and bitter

24
Q

where is sweet on tongue

A

tip of tongue

25
Q

where is salty on tongue

A

posterior and lateral to tip of tongue

26
Q

where is sour on tongue

A

anterior 2/3 of dorsum and along lateral margin

27
Q

where is bitter

A

posterior 1/3 of tongue

28
Q

individuals with the sensitive form of the ____ receptor are more sensitive to bitter taste

A

hTAS2R38

29
Q

umami linked to what

A

specialized receptor for L-glutamate and other aa’s

  • signals presence of proteins
  • often added as flavor enhancer
  • can be used to promote food consumption in elderly and ill at risk for malnutrition
30
Q

taste buds on the palate register primarily

A

bitter and sour

31
Q

posterior pharynx and epiglottis register

A

all 5 tastes, mainly bitter and sour though

32
Q

what protein receptor responds to the flavor of fat

A

CD36

33
Q

sensory innervation to anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

lingual nerve (branch of V3)

34
Q

nasal cavity:
epithelium
lamina propria
other cells

A
  • pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
  • lamina propria has serous and mucous glands to mositen inspired air and trap contaminants
  • other cells: mast and plasma cells (IgA,IgE,IgG)
  • lamina propria also contains extensive vascular plexus
35
Q

functions of the nasal mucosa

A 
air hydration
secretion of serous and mucous glands
goblet cells moisten surface of nasal cavity
add water vapor to inspired air
 -temperature regulation
36
Q

other function of nasal mucosa: conchae and cilia

A

conchae interrupt air flow and create turbulunce
-matter thrown against conchae adhere to its moist surface and cilia can move it into nasopharynx to eventually get it out

37
Q

olfactory epithelium type and location

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

located to roof of nasal cavity, upper surface of superior conchae

38
Q

3 cell types of olfactory epithelium

A

olfactory cells, supporting (sustentacular cells) and basal cells

39
Q

proximal process of olfactory cell extends basally and forms bundles bundles of nerve fibers called

A

the fila olfactoria, sends olfactory neuron axons to olfactory bulb

40
Q

sustentacular cell function

A

provide physical support, nourishment and electrical insulation for the olfactory cells

41
Q

transmitting smell

A

1) odorant molecule gets stuck in mucous where olfactory cilia is, gets picked up and bound by cilia which has receptors for smell
2) when odorant molecule binds to receptor olfactory receptor cells activated and send electric signal to brain
3) signal to 1 of 3 glomeruli (receptor cells of same type are randomly distributed in nasal mucosa but converge on same glomerulus)
4) in glomerulus the receptor nerve endings excite mitral cells that forward signal to higher regions in brain

42
Q

kallman syndrome

A

anosmia: no sense of smell bc lack of mitral cells that receive input from olfactory neruons (olfactory bulb doesn’t develop)

small genitalia/sterility from lack of GnRH secreting neurons (originate in olfactory epithelium and migrate to brain)

43
Q

what is the defective gene in kallmans syndrome and what does it code for

A

KAL-1 codes for anosmin 1, cell adhesion protein

Neuroscience I test 2 (8 decks)

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