Chapter 31 Fungi

Question 1

yeasts

Answer 1

single celled fungal body

Question 2

hyphae

Answer 2

a network of tiny filaments; consists of tubular cell walls surrounding the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of the cells

Question 3

chitin

Answer 3

a strong but flexible polysaccharide; makes up cell wall in fungi; novel

Question 4

septa

Answer 4

divides hyphae into cells

Question 5

coenocytic fungi

Answer 5

continuous cytoplasmic mass having hundreds or thousands of interwoven nuclei

Question 6

mycelium

Answer 6

an interwoven mass that infiltrates the material on which the fungus feeds

Question 7

haustoria

Answer 7

specialized hyphae which the fungus uses to extract nutrients from, or exchange nutrients with, their plant hosts

Question 8

mycorrhizae

Answer 8

mutually beneficial relationships between such fungi and plant roots

Question 9

Ectomycorrhizal fungi

Answer 9

one main type of mycorrhizal fungi; form seats of hyphae over the surface of a root and typically grow into the extra cellular spaces of the root cortex

Question 10

abuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Answer 10

mycorrhizal fungi; extend branching hyphae through the root cell wall and into tubes formed by invagination of the root cell plasma membrane

Question 11

spores

Answer 11

dispersed haploid cells that form new mycelia after germinating

Question 12

pheromones

Answer 12

sexual signaling molecules released from hyphae from two mycelia

Question 13

plasmogamy

Answer 13

the union of the cytoplasms of two parent mycelia

Question 14

heterokaryon

Answer 14

the haploid nuclei contributed by each parent do not fuse right away; parts of the fused mycelium contain coexisting, genetically different nuclei

Question 15

dikaryotic

Answer 15

the haploid nuclei pair of two to a cell, one from each parent

Question 16

karyogamy

Answer 16

the haploid nuclei contributed by the two parents fuse, producing diploid cells

Question 17

molds

Answer 17

reproduce asexually by growing as filamentous fungi that produce haploid spores by mitosis; form visible mycelium

Question 18

deuteromyctes

Answer 18

all fungi lacking sexual reproduction

Question 19

opisthokonts

Answer 19

fungi, animals, and protistan relatives; posterior flagellum

Question 20

nucleariids

Answer 20

unicellular protists; amoebas that feed on algae and bacteria

Question 21

chytrids

Answer 21

the globular fruiting body forms multicellular, branched hyphae; ubiquitous in lakes and soil

Question 22

zoospores

Answer 22

flagellated spores unique to chytrids