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Question 1

What percentage of the human body is made up of water?

Answer 1

50-70%

Question 2

What is the liquid part of blood called?

Answer 2

Plasma

Question 3

What percentage of plasma is made up of water?

Answer 3

90%

Question 4

Name three types of fruits that contain water.

Answer 4

• Oranges
• Watermelon
• Grapes

Question 5

What is the primary role of water in the human body?

Answer 5

To regulate temperature and transport hormones, nutrients, and sugar

Question 6

True or False: The body releases water during the digestion of solid foods.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What is natural mineral water characterized by?

Answer 7

Its content of mineral salt and trace elements

Question 8

What is the method used to remove water from its source?

Answer 8

Abstraction

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The method of water abstraction usually involves the use of a _______.

Answer 9

Pump

Question 10

What is the purpose of microfiltration and ultraviolet disinfection in water treatment?

Answer 10

To remove unstable elements

Question 11

What is the maximum mineral content for purified water?

Answer 11

Less than 10 mg/l

Question 12

What are two common methods of processing purified water?

Answer 12

• Distillation
• Reverse osmosis

Question 13

What is the role of the hypothalamus in hydration?

Answer 13

Regulates thirst in response to changes in electrolyte levels and blood volume

Question 14

True or False: Water is the principal ingredient in soft drink production.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is the first step in the water treatment process for soft drinks?

Answer 15

Remove colour and suspended particles

Question 16

Name two factors that affect the treatment of water in a water treatment plant.

Answer 16

• Source of raw material
• Prior treatment of water

Question 17

What happens to the body when it becomes dehydrated?

Answer 17

Experiences the sensation of thirst

Question 18

What is a common environmental concern regarding shallow aquifers?

Answer 18

Contamination or pollution from surface water

Question 19

What type of bottles are often used for bottled water?

Answer 19

• Glass
• PET
• High-density polythene

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The presence of additional nutrient sources in flavored water often leads to an increased _______ load.

Answer 20

Microbial

Question 21

What is a potential problem with using PET bottles for water?

Answer 21

Chemical taint from leaching of plasticizers

Question 22

What is the purpose of heat treatment in flavored water production?

Answer 22

To ensure stability

Question 23

What is the importance of water quality in soft drink production?

Answer 23

To ensure consistency in taste and appearance

Question 24

What is the chief constituent in all drinks?

Answer 24

Water is the chief constituent in all drinks, and the primary ingredient in most.

Question 25

Why is water purified before drinking?

Answer 25

Water is purified prior to drinking to ensure safety and health.

Question 26

What methods are used for water purification?

Answer 26

Methods for purification include filtration and the addition of chemicals, such as chlorination.

Question 27

What statistic highlights the importance of purified water?

Answer 27

The World Health Organisation states that 94% of deaths from diarrhea could be prevented by improving water quality.

Question 28

What are the treatment methods for water purification?

Answer 28

Treatment methods include coagulation treatment, ion exchange treatment, and reverse osmosis.

Question 29

What is coagulation treatment?

Answer 29

Coagulation is a chemical process where floc is formed to absorb foreign organic matter from water.

Question 30

What is the role of aluminium sulphate in coagulation?

Answer 30

Aluminium sulphate helps form flocs that absorb suspended solids, making them suitable for filtering.

Question 31

What happens during the coagulation process using ferrous sulphate?

Answer 31

FeSO4 is oxidised by Cl2 to form Fe2(SO4)3, which then reacts with calcium bicarbonate.

Question 32

How is filtration used in water purification?

Answer 32

Filtration removes fine particles of floc from clarified water using a sand filter.

Question 33

What is the sterilising agent used in water treatment?

Answer 33

Free Cl2 is the sterilising agent used to ensure water is free from bacteria.

Question 34

What is de-chlorination?

Answer 34

De-chlorination is the removal of residual free Cl2 by absorption on activated carbon.

Question 35

What parameters are monitored for plant performance?

Answer 35

Parameters include floc concentration, residual alkalinity, free Cl2 levels, and microbiological testing.

Question 36

What is ion exchange in water treatment?

Answer 36

Ion exchange is a reversible interchange of ions to remove undesirable ionic contaminants from water.

Question 37

What is the purpose of water softening in ion exchange?

Answer 37

Water softening aims to reduce calcium and magnesium content in water.

Question 38

What is a typical application of ion exchange?

Answer 38

Ion exchange is used for softening water and removing toxic metals.

Question 39

What is the chemical reaction for dealkalisation in ion exchange?

Answer 39

2R-H+ Ca(HCO3)4- R2-Ca + 2CO2 + 2H2O.