schizophrenia brain changes and anti psychotics

Question 1

In schizophrenia, there are consistent reductions in which parts of the brain? (temple)

Answer 1

temporal cortex, medial temporal lobe, orbitofrontal, parietal cortex, basal ganglia

Question 2

what is arborisation (going round peeling off grey)

Answer 2

process of grey matter loss in the brain

Question 3

what is noticed in the ventricles at diagnosis? is this progressive?

Answer 3

enlargement of the ventricles, no

Question 4

what class of drug are used to treat schizophrenia?

Answer 4

d2 receptor antagonists

Question 5

schizophrenia due to over activity of _________pathways in the brain?

Answer 5

DA

Question 6

name the three dopaminergic pathways

Answer 6

nigrostriatial, mesolimbic, tuberoinfundibular

Question 7

which one would cause movement disorders?

Answer 7

NS

Question 8

hyperprolactinaemia?

Answer 8

tuberoinfundibular

Question 9

activation of the D1 (dick) pathway stimulates what?

Answer 9

cAMP

Question 10

D2 receptor inhibits (place)

Answer 10

adenylyl cyclase

Question 11

in D2, what ions move in and out?

Answer 11

inhibit Ca voltage activated channels, open K channels

Question 12

what is the signalling protein that mediates cell-cell interactions and plays critical roles in the growth and development of multiple organ systems?

Answer 12

neuregulin

Question 13

essential for adaptive neural?

Answer 13

dysbindin

Question 14

involved in neurotic overgrowth and cortical development through its interaction with other proteins?

Answer 14

DISC-1

Question 15

CT FLETCHER WITH HALO EATING ZUCCHINI

Answer 15

TYPICALS chlopromazine, thiorizadine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, zuclopentixol

Question 16

speed of blockade of the D2 receptor? onset of clinical symptoms?

Answer 16

immediate, delayed

Question 17

which anti psychotics are less likely to give you extra pyramidal side effects and have better efficacy against negative symptoms? (spain)

Answer 17

atypicals

Question 18

name 6 atypical?

Answer 18

olanzipine, risperidone, quetiapine, ariprazole, clozapine, amisulphide (ola, r, q, a, adios, cock)

Question 19

D2 blockade causes?

Answer 19

Hay wire garage - acute dystonic reaction, restlessness (akathisia), parkinsonism (D2 blockade) , tardive dyskinesia (icy jaw)

Question 20

2 side effects of histamine blockade?

Answer 20

sedation and increased appetite (snake)

Question 21

what is agranulocytosis?

Answer 21

reduction in number of granulocytes (increased susceptibility to infection)

Question 22

side effects of clozapine (homer)

Answer 22

drooling, agranulocytosis (couch), myocarditis

Question 23

how often do you need to do a full blood count on clozapine?

Answer 23

every week for first 6 months, fortnight next 6 months, every 4 weeks thereafter.

Question 24

how long, after stopping clozapine, do you need to monitor bloods?

Answer 24

1 month