Pathology of pulmonary infection Flashcards
Name the 3 types of microorganism pathogenicity.
Primary, facultative or opportunistic.
Which infections are most important in children?
URTI’s. Corzya (common cold), sore throat syndrome, croup, laryngitis, sinusitis and acute epiglottitis (caused by group A B-haemolytic Strep).
Name 3 LRTI’s.
Bronchitis, bronchiolotis and pneumonia (disease of the lung parenchyma).
What do the nasal conchae do?
Create turbulence in the airflow inside the nose and increase surface area. Particles are deposited against mucous and get stuck.
Which immune cells are in the LRT?
Macrophages of the lung and alveolar macrophages. LRT should be sterile. Mucociliatory escalator moves mucous from lungs to larynx then cough reflex.
where does the muchociliatory escalator begin?
Bronchioles.
What is the major cause of death from IAV?
2ndary bacterial infection and the effects on mucociliatory escalator.
Name the 6 classes of pneumonia.
Community acquired, hospital acquired, pneumonia in the immunocompromised, recurrent, aspiration and atypical.
What is hypostatic pneumonia?
Pneumonia in a patient with another disease such as COPD which causes fluid to collect in the lungs therefore the infection cannot be cleared.
Where can pneumonia occur?
Bronchopneumonia (centriacinar regions, patchy consolidation in the small airways), lobular (consolidation and infection of a lobe), or segmental (consolidation and infection of a segment).
What are some of the complications of pneumonia?
Pleurisy, pleural effusion, empyema, fibrosis, COP (cryptogenic organising pneumonia) or constrictive bronchitis (last 2 very rare), lung abscess, bronchiectasis.
What are the common causes of lung abscess?
Obstruction of the bronchi (tumours cause 10%), aspiration, infection and necrosis.
Define bronchiectasis.
Pathological dilation of the bronchi/abnormal widening. Caused by infection, proximal bronchial obstruction or lung parenchymal obstruction.
What are the signs of bronchiectasis?
Cough, abundant, purulent sputum, haemoptysis, coarse crackles, clubbing etc.
What can cause recurrent lung diseases?
Local bronchial obstruction (tumour), local pulmonary damage (bronchiectasis), generalised lung disease (CF, COPD) or non-respiratory disease (immunocompromised).
