Chapter 9

Question 1

lauguge properties

Answer 1

symbolic, semantic, generative, structured

Question 2

language features

Answer 2

phonemes (sound: phonetics, phonology about 40 in english), morphemes (add to meaningful, 50000, root, prefix, suffix), syntax (need order, in certain order), pragmatics (informal rules, local speakers will know, “that’s cool”)

Question 3

semantics

Answer 3

the meaning on a sentence, doesn’t need good grammar

Question 4

languge development

Answer 4

6 months (babbling vowel-consanent formation) 1 year (first word) 1.5 (50 words) 2 years (fast mapping, under extension, overextension: a ball is red so apple) 6-8years (sarcasm)

Question 5

Metalinguistic Awareness

Answer 5

language flexibility such as puns and metaphors

Question 6

Theory of acquisition 3

Answer 6

behaviourists (+/- reinforcement) nativist (predisposition to develop language) interactionist (biology and experience. learning/social)

Question 7

lexical/phonological processing

Answer 7

lex (letter recognition, morphological awareness [quick, quickest]) phonological (alphabetic principle: washed, jogged; phonological decoding: interepret letters into sounds)

Question 8

dyslexia

Answer 8

phonological (problem with phonological route: Dorang) surface (problem with lexical route: meringue)

Question 9

Saccades and Fixations

Answer 9

Saccade: move from one point to another; no information processing. Fixations: brief pauses to take in information; length depends on task and properties of material (only 65% of words)

Question 10

Perceptual span

Answer 10

nearby letters that eyes see when fixated

Question 11

reading difficulties with eye movements

Answer 11

shorter Saccades (and more of them), Regressive saccades, Longer fixations, Sensitive to crowding

Question 12

speech production: formats; Formant transitions

Answer 12

frequency changes (dif vowels have dif ones). Consonants tightning of vocal tract. Formal trans (Rapid changes in frequency preceding or following consonants)

Question 13

voice onset time

Answer 13

time between when a sound starts and voicing begins

Question 14

parsing

Answer 14

decompose syntax (structure) of sentences

Question 15

Wernicke’s area; Broca’s area

Answer 15

content, meaning, grammar (wernicke aphasia is damage); Coordinating the motor movements needed to manipulate the vocal tract. learning speech

Question 16

Why Humans Can Talk and Apes Can’t

Answer 16

Big teeth, big toung, and bigger lips so cant talk. No very flexible vocal tract