Langer - Innate Immunity

Question 1

PAMPS/DAMPS

Answer 1

PAMPS - Usually when you have an invading pathogen it has its own chemical signature, which allows it to be easily identified to the PRR.
DAMPS - Damaged cells have specific signatures that make them stand out to the PRRs.

Question 2

Toll Like Receptor

Answer 2

An example of the PRR family. It has a receptor on the outside of the cell as well as on the inside of the endosome. It has a signaling portion of the receptor on the inside of the cell and outside of the endosome. The downhill cascade cause upregulation of NF-kB and IRFs. NK-kB will then up regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, and TNFalpha) as well as chemokines, adhesion molecules, co-stimulatory molecules. IRFs are more activated if the attack is viral. It will increase the amount of Type I Interferons being secreted.

Question 3

PRR

Answer 3

Pattern Recognition Receptor. It recognizes PAMPS and DAMPS. One specific type is the Toll Like Receptor.