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Biology > 3a.3 - The Circulatory System > Flashcards

3a.3 - The Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the circulatory system in humans (4)

A
  • Double circulatory system
  • First pumps deoxygenated to lungs the returns to heart
  • Second pumps oxygenated to other organs
  • Blood gives away it’s oxygen and deoxygenated returns to heart
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2
Q

What do heart valves do? (2)

A
  • Keep blood flowing around the body

- Prevent backflow

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3
Q

What are the four chambers in a heart?

A
  • Right atrium
  • Right ventricle
  • Left atrium
  • Left ventricle
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4
Q

How does the heart use it’s four chambers? (4)

A
  • Blood flows into the two atria from the vena cava and the pulmonary vein
  • Atria contracts, pushing blood into ventricles
  • Ventricles contract, forcing the blood into pulmonary artery and the aorta, out of the heart
  • Floes to organs through arteries and returns in veins
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5
Q

What is the function of the arteries?

A

Carry blood away from the heart

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6
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

Involved in the exchange in materials at the tissues

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7
Q

What is the function of veins?

A

Carry blood to the heart

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8
Q

What type of blood does the right side of the heart carry?

A

Deoxygenated

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9
Q

What type of blood does the left side of the heart carry?

A

Oxygenated

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10
Q

What type of blood vessel carries blood under high pressure?

A

Arteries

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11
Q

What are the three types of blood vessel?

A
  • Arteries
  • Capillaries
  • Veins
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12
Q

Describe the structure of an artery (3)

A
  • Thick walls
  • Contain thick layers of muscle
  • Contain elastic fibres
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13
Q

What do arteries branch into?

A

Capllaries

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14
Q

What is the job of the capillaries?

A

Carry blood really close to every cell to exchange substances with them

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15
Q

Describe the structure of capillaries (3)

A
  • Permeable walls
  • Thin cell wall
  • Very small
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16
Q

What do capillaries join up to form?

A

Veins

17
Q

What type of blood vessel carries blood under low pressure?

A

Veins

18
Q

Describe the structure of veins (3)

A
  • Bigger lumen
  • Valves
  • Thinner walls
19
Q

What is the job of the red blood cells?

A

Carry oxygen from the lungs to all cells in the body

20
Q

Describe the features of a red blood cell (3)

A
  • Biconcave shape
  • No nucleus
  • Contains haemoglobin
21
Q

What does haemoglobin do? (2)

A
  • In the lungs, combines with oxygen to produce oxyhaemoglobin
  • In body tissues, splits back up to release oxygen
22
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

Protect against diseases

23
Q

What do platelets do?

A

Helps blood clot

24
Q

Describe the features of a platelet

A
  • Small fragments of cells

- No nucleus

25
Q

What does plasma contain? (7)

A
  • Red and white blood cells
  • Platelets
  • Nutrients like glucose and amino acids
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Urea
  • Hormones
  • Antibodies and antitoxins
26
Q

Why is artificial blood used? (2)

A
  • More energy is needed for a transfer to take place

- Patient has lost a lot of blood

27
Q

What are the advantages of artificial blood? (3)

A
  • Doesn’t need refrigerating
  • No need for blood matching
  • Carries much more oxygen
28
Q

What are the disadvantages of artificial blood? (3)

A
  • Expensive
  • Doesn’t mix well with normal blood
  • Side effects
29
Q

How do stents work? (3)

A
  • Pushed up to an artery enclosed around a balloon
  • Balloon inflates and mesh remains inflated
  • Balloon is pulled out
30
Q

Why would stents be needed?

A

If oxygen flow to the heart is interrupted, it can cause a heart attack

31
Q

What are the advantages of stents? (3)

A
  • Better than death
  • No need for general anaesthetic
  • No need for open heart surgery
32
Q

What are the disadvantages of stents? (3)

A
  • Causes pain
  • Cholesterol could build back up if there is no change to diet
  • Causes an irregular heartbeat
33
Q

What can cause circulation to go wrong? (3)

A
  • Experiences heart failure
  • High blood pressure
  • Coronary heart disease
34
Q

Describe how the artificial heart is different from a normal heart (3)

A
  • Made like pumps
  • Tubes that leave the body
  • Needs an external power supply
35
Q

What are the advantages of artificial hearts? (2)

A
  • Keeps you alive

- People can be mobile

36
Q

What are the disadvantages of artificial hearts? (4)

A
  • Lasts three years
  • Backpack is heavy
  • Battery can run out
  • Complications with surgery
37
Q

What are the symptoms of an faulty valve? (2)

A
  • Tired and listless

- De-oxygenated blood mixes with oxygenated

38
Q

What are the advantages of artificial heart valves? (2)

A
  • High success rate
  • Prolong life
  • Last 20 years
39
Q

What are the disadvantages of artificial heart valves?

A
  • May need blood thinners

- Complications in surgers

Biology (18 decks)

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