Lecture 6- current and emerging vascular therapies Flashcards
how is coronary artery disease diagnosed
complaint of chest pain, blood test to look for markers for cardiac muscle indicating dying cells released into the blood stream then separated into either high or low risk depending whether they are unstable or stable
how can CAD be treated
antithrombotic drugs to dissolve clots (anticoagulants)
anti platelet drugs to decrease platelet aggregation (cox inhibitors)
anti-hypertensives (vasodilators, beta blockers, diuretics and calcium channel blockers)
cholesterol lowering drugs (statins, niacin, bile acid sequestrants)
what are the 2 types of stroke
ischemic - loose clot lodges in the brain
hemorrhagic- weakness in vascular wall leads to rupture and bleeding
what are the symptoms of stroke
face drooping, weak/numb arms, slurred speech, time is key
how do statins lower cholseterol
block conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate
what is the role of PCSK9
targets the LDL receptor for degradation
How is PCSK9 targeted by drugs
monoclonal antibodies stabalise LDLR to take up LDL cholesterol and take it to the endosomal system resulting in degradation and removal of cholesterol from the system
what are 2 examples of FDA approved drugs which target PCSK9
alirocumab and evolocumab
what are the current treatments to target abhorrent angiogenesis
chemotherapy, radiotherapy, anti-inflammatory drugs, humanised Ig,
which protein is targetted by Perception in breast cancer and what is it’s effect
ErbB2. it blocks signalling for epithelial cell proliferation
what is the effect of drugs which target PARP in tumour cells
prevents double stranded DNA break repairs and so kills the tumour cells but not normal cells
what is the effect of Avastin
it is a humanised antibody which targets VEGF-A binding receptor and angiogenesis although only works in conjunction with chemotherapy/radiation
give 3 examples of RTK inhibitors used to treat abhorrent angiogenesis in cancer
ERBb inhibitors, VEGFR inhibitors and FGFR inhibitors
what is the action of the drug student
it is an ATP mimetic which binds RTK domain of VEGFR and so blocks angiogenesis as it is a competitive inhibitor of ATP
what is the action of the drug sorafenib
it is a multilines inhibitor so blocks RTKs and also MAPKs in signalling pathways however this therefor has large side effects
