Civil Rights movement

Question 1

What happened at the Birmingham campaign

Answer 1

• 1963
• Birmingham , Alabama
• k k k strong hold
• peaceful protest/ civil disobedience to protest segregation
• sclc
• many students and children
• police commissioner Bill Connor very racist
• police reacted very aggressively to march
• MLK arrested
• non violent protest successful

Question 2

What is the Greensboro 4

Answer 2

• 1960
• 4 students in Greensboro , North Carolina
• refused to leave the find counter at woolworths without being served
• part of SNCC
• students were attacked and abused
• more and more students joined sit in put pressure on WW
• small victory

Question 3

SNCC

Answer 3

Student non violent co ordinating comittee

• organized protests like sit ins, kneel ins , wade ins
• first sit in Greensboro 4 at woolworths

Question 4

Why was MLK chosen to lead movement

Answer 4

• well known , popular amongst black community
• priest Christian
• very good orator
• peaceful protest

Question 5

American Civil War

Answer 5

• 1861-1865
• northern states vs southern states
• south wanted slavery economy based on it
• abolition of slavery

Question 6

What is the SCLC

Answer 6

Southern Christian leadership conference

Lead by MLK
Formed in 1957
Black pastors
Continue work after bus boycott

Question 7

“We will meet their physical force with soul force” - explain

Answer 7

Said by MLK
In context of the Montgomery bus boycott
Response to aggression and fear tactics of bus company
Knew that one act of violence from a black person could be face of whole movement - peaceful protest

Question 8

How is rosa parks relevant to civil rights movement

Answer 8

• considered the mother of the civil rights movement
  -arrested for refusing to give her seat on a bus to a white man
  Montgomery improvement association formed to organize 1 day bus boycott
• turned into 1 year bus boycott
• sparked first mass action in CRM

Question 9

How does the murder of Emmett till relate to the CRM

Answer 9

• 1955
• Emmett Till , 14 yr , Black
• allegedly flirted with white cashier
• 4 white men beat him to death
• men were tried before white jury
• black people couldn’t be par to jury had to be registered to vote (prevented by Jim Crow laws)
• violence against black people condoned by court , created anger and awareness in black people

Question 10

Events leading up to CRM

Answer 10

• civil war 1861-1865
• plessy vs ferguson 1892
• NAACP- 1909
• WW2 1939-1945
• 1954 Brown vs Board of educTion
• 1955 Murder of Emmett Till
• Montgomery Bus Boycott

Question 11

NAACP

Answer 11

National association for advancement of colored people

• 1909
• challenged discrimination and segregation
• tried to uphold constitutional rights
• limited success

Question 12

How did brown vs board of education impact crm

Answer 12

Linda brown lived next to a white school and was forced to travel a long distance to a black school

• NAACP took it to court
• court found separate but equal unconstitutional
• segregation illegal by federal law
• ended segregation in public schools

Question 13

How did WW 2 contribute to the Civil Rights Movement

Answer 13

• lead to appreciation of human rights
• human rights being discussed and reviewed at length after horrors of holocaust, war etc
• black soldiers returned and not appreciated in home country
• were given power in war taken away- confused
• questioned their rights

Question 14

How did plessy vs Ferguson highlight Jim Crow Laws

Answer 14

• 1892
• Plessy bought 1st class train ticket , was arrested
• said separate car act illegal (federal law)
• judge found him wrong - separate but equal
• Jim Crow laws state laws
• sent to jail

Question 15

How is the 14th amendment of USA constitution relevant to CRM

Answer 15

CRM trying to make the 14th amendment evident in society

Question 16

Who were freedom riders

Answer 16

• 1961
• protestors against segregated interstate bus systems
• aimed to create media attention and force fed govt to more for civil rights
• black people sat in white waiting rooms, bus seats , bathrooms
• beaten and abused by police and k k k
• Robert Kennedy intervened said it was unconstitutional
• interstate buses desegregated

Question 17

Lincoln 13 and 14 amendment

Answer 17

13 - no slavery

14 no discrimination , equality

Question 18

What is CORE

Answer 18

Chicago 1942
Fight racial inequality
Congress for racial equality
Organized protests, freedom summer

Question 19

What are JIm Crow laws

Answer 19

Laws that legalized segregation between black and white people despite that being unconstitutional according to the 14 amendment

Different to federal law, state law , applied differently in each state , mainly in the south

Prevented black people from registering to vote even though they had the right to

Question 20

What is the MIA

Answer 20

Montgomery Improvement Association 
Formed after rosa parks arrested
Made up of church and community members
Organized peaceful protests 
And Montgomery bus boycott 
Lead by MLK

Question 21

What happened at the Selma Montgomery marches

Answer 21

1965 - 2 marches in february

Demanding the right to register to vote
Only 2.4 % of population registered to vote

First March - met with aggression state troopers forced protesters violently back over bridge
Extensive media coverage gained huge support from black people and white people from all over America
2nd March - widely supported , MLK prayed and everyone copied him , hugely successful peaceful protest
- allowed for voting rights act to be passed

Question 22

Nature and goals of CRM

Answer 22

Nature - non violent , peaceful
Goals stop racism
Create equality
Eliminate segregation

Question 23

March on Washington

Answer 23

• 1963
• demanding full racial equality
• widely supported
• lead by MLK
• organized by SCLC
• media coverage
• music used to unite
• I have a dream speech

Question 24

Forms of protest in CRM

Answer 24

Peaceful protest
Marches 
Sit in kneel in wade In 
Freedom riders 
Freedom summer

Question 25

Name 3 Marches between 1963 and 1965

Answer 25

Birmingham Campaign 1963
March on Washington 1963
Selma-Montgomery 2 days apart

Question 26

What is freedom summer

Answer 26

Organized by CORE
1964
In Mississippi
Low levels of literacy in black community and state was not spending money on black education
- very low percentage of black people registered to vote
- freedom schools set up to improve levels of literacy in Mississippi and to empower black people
by people from more liberal northern states
Taught black history
- freedom summer workers beaten and arrested , murdered
- churches bombed

Question 27

Important CRM legislation

Answer 27

1. Civil Rights Act 1964
   + extension of CRA - no discrimination of any kind , did away with Jim Crow laws
   No discrimination in sales of rental houses
2. Voting rights act 1965- no discrimination in voting procedures allowed

Question 28

How was movement successful

Answer 28

Important legislation 
Sympathy from white people
Desegregation 
Federal government support 
Showed what mass protest could do , inspired other movements 
Wide media coverage

Question 29

Case studies of successes during movement

Answer 29

Little Rock Arkansas 1957

James Meredith University if Mississippi 1962

Question 30

Kkk

Answer 30

Ku klux Klan