Outcome 3 Part 1 - Health Care In Australia

Question 1

What is the social model of health?

Answer 1

A conceptual framework within which improvements in health and wellbeing are achieved by directing effort towards addressing the social, economic and environmental determinants of health. The model is based on the understanding that in order to achieve health gains, social, economic and environmental determinants must be addressed.

Question 2

What is the biomedical model of health?

Answer 2

Focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness. It is a medical model of care practiced by doctors and health professionals and is associated with the diagnosis, cute and treatment of disease

Question 3

Health promotion

Answer 3

The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health

Question 4

What are the three basic strategies for health promotion?

Answer 4

Enable
Mediate
Advocate

Question 5

What are the Ottawa charters 5 action areas/elements of priority?

Answer 5

Develop personal skills
Reorient health services
Build healthy public policy
Create supportive environments
Strengthen community action

Question 6

Bulk billing

Answer 6

When the doctor or specialist charges only the schedule fee. The payment is claimed directly from Medicare so there are no out-of-pocket expenses for the patient

Question 7

Patient co-payment

Answer 7

The payment made by the consumer for health products or services in addition to the amount paid by the government.

Question 8

Schedule fee

Answer 8

The amount that Medicare contributes towards certain consultations and treatments. The government decides what each item is worth and that’s what Medicare pays. Doctors and private hospitals may choose to charge more than the schedule fee.

Question 9

The pharmaceutical benefits scheme (PBS)

Answer 9

The PBS was introduced to subsidise the cost of a wide range of prescription medications, providing Australians with medication at affordable prices.
Currently over 4000 brands of prescriptions are covered by the PBS.

Question 10

What is private health insurance?

Answer 10

A type of insurance under which members may pay a premium (or fee) in return for payment towards health-related costs not covered by Medicare. It is an additional insurance purchased on top of Medicare.

Question 11

What are the 3 private health insurance incentives?

Answer 11

• private health insurance rebate
• lifetime health cover
• Medicare levy surcharge

Question 12

What is the private health insurance rebate?

Answer 12

Policy holders receive a 30% rebate (or refund) on their premiums for private health insurance.

Question 13

What is lifetime health cover?

Answer 13

People who take up private health insurance after the age of 31 pay an extra 2% on their premiums for every year that they are over the age of 30. This continues until it reaches an extra 70%!

Question 14

What is the Medicare levy surcharge?

Answer 14

People earning more than $90,000 a year ($180,000 for families) pay an extra tax as a medicare levy surcharge if they do not purchase price health insurance.

Question 15

Advantages of private health insurance

Answer 15

• enables access to private health care
• choice of doctor in private or public hospital
• shorter waiting times for some medical procedures such as elective surgery

Question 16

Disadvantages of private health insurance

Answer 16

• costly in terms of the premiums that have to be paid
• sometimes have a ‘gap’, which means the insurance doesn’t pay the whole fee and the individual must pay the difference
• qualifying periods apply for some conditions (eg, pregnancy)

Question 17

What are the values of Australia’s health care system?

Answer 17

Safe
Effective
Efficient

Continuous
Accessible
Responsible
Sustainable

Question 18

Discretionary foods

Answer 18

Foods and drinks that are not necessary to provide the nutrients the body needs it may add variety. However, many of these are high in saturated fats, sugars, salt and/or alcohol, and are therefore described as energy dense.

Question 19

Mandatory fortification

Answer 19

The compulsory addition of specific nutrients to selected food items as directed by the federal government

Question 20

Novel foods

Answer 20

Non-traditional foods that require assessment by the government in order to establish their safety before they are added to the food supply

Question 21

What are the A.R.E.A.S of the social model of health??

Answer 21

Addresses all determinants of health
Reduce social inequities
Empower individuals and the community
Accessibility of health care
interSectional collaboration

Question 22

What is the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion?

Answer 22

An approach to health development by the world health organisation that attempts to reduce inequalities in health.
It identifies three basic strategies for health promotion , which are enabling, mediating and advocating.

Question 23

What are the 5 strategic priorities of vichealth???

Answer 23

PEPPI

Promote healthy eating
Encourage regular physical activity
Prevent tobacco use
Prevent harm from alcohol
Improve mental wellbeing

Question 24

What is Vicahealths mission???

Answer 24

PRISS

Promote good health in partnership with others
Recognise that the social and economic conditions for all people influence their health.
In partnership with others promote good health
Support initiatives that assist individuals, communities, workplaces and broader society to improve wellbeing
Seek to prevent chronic conditions for all Victorians

Question 25

What are 2 responsibilities for the federal government??

Answer 25

• administration of Medicare

- administration of the PBS (pharmaceutical benefits scheme)

Question 26

What are 2 responsibilities for the state government??

Answer 26

• licensing GPs
• maternal and child health
• public hospitals

Question 27

What are 2 responsibilities for the local government??

Answer 27

• maintaining parks/sporting facilities and gardens

- removal of waste

Question 28

What is Medicare?

Answer 28

Australia’s universal health insurance scheme.
Est in 1984, Medicare gives all Australian residents and people from other countries with a reciprocal agreement (NZ, UK, Ireland, etc) access to health care that is payed for by the government…

Question 29

What are the values that underpin the Australian health care system??

Answer 29

SEE CARS
Safe
Effective
Efficient

Continuous
Accessible
Responsive
Sustainable

Question 30

What does the ‘A’ mean in regards to the social model of health ‘AREAS’???

Answer 30

Addresses the broader determinants of health

Question 31

What does the ‘S’ mean in regards to the social model of health ‘AREAS’???

Answer 31

interSectional collaboration

-different groups and organisations working together to promote health…

Question 32

What does the ‘S’ mean in regards to the Ottawa charter for health acronym?

Answer 32

Strengthen community action
-involve and encourage people from all parts of the community

Acronym = DRBCS

Question 33

What does the ‘D’ mean in regards to the Ottawa charter for health acronym.

Answer 33

Develop personal skills
-inform and empower people to make healthier choices

Acronym = DR.BCS

Question 34

What does the ‘C’ mean in regards to the Ottawa charter for health acronym

Answer 34

Create supportive environments
-create environments that make healthier choices easier choices…

Acronym = DR.BCS

Question 35

What does the ‘E’ stand for in regards to the strategic priorities of VicHealth?? Acronym??

Answer 35

promote healthy Eating

EATAM

Question 36

What does the ‘A’ stand for in regards to the strategic priorities of VicHealth?? What’s the acronym?

Answer 36

encourage regular physical Activity

EATAM

Question 37

What does the ‘P’ mean in regard to VicHealths mission?? Acronym?

Answer 37

Promote good health in partnership with others…

PRISS

Question 38

What does the ‘R’ mean in regard to VicHealths mission?? Acronym??

Answer 38

Recognise that the social and economic conditions for all people influence their health…

PRISS

Question 39

What does the ‘S’ mean in regards to the values that underpin the Australian health care system?? What’s the acronym??

Answer 39

SAFE
-a safe health system is one in which there is a focus on actual or potential harm from health care management or the environment in which health care is delivered…

SEE CARS

Question 40

What does the second ‘E’ mean in regards to the values that underpin the Australian health care system?? What’s the acronym??

Answer 40

EFFICIENT
-an efficient health system is one that can achieve desired outcomes with cost-effective use of resources. Because resources are limited, they need to be used efficiently…

SEE CARS

Question 41

What is the aim of the dietary guidelines

Answer 41

• promote health and wellbeing;
• reduce the risk of diet-related conditions, such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure and obesity; and
• reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some types of cancers.

Question 42

What should we eat most according to the ADG??

Answer 42

vegetables and legumes/beans
fruits
wholegrain cereals
reduced fat milk, yoghurt, cheese
fish, seafood, poultry, eggs, legumes/beans (including soy), and nuts and seeds.
red meat (young females only)

Question 43

What should we eat less?

Answer 43

starchy vegetables (i.e. there is a need to include a wider variety of different types and colours of vegetables)
refined cereals
high and medium fat dairy foods
red meats (adult males only)
food and drinks high in saturated fat, added sugar, added salt, or alcohol (e.g. fried foods, most take-away foods from quick service restaurants, cakes and biscuits, chocolate and confectionery, sweetened drinks).

Question 44

Define health promotion according to the Ottawa charter

Answer 44

The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health