507 - Gen Psychopathology

Question 1

ADHD

Answer 1

who: commonly observed in children. Male’s are 4x more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD.
What: ADHD is a behavioral syndrome that is characterized by the persistent presence of 6 or more symptoms involving (A) inattention or (b) impulsivity or hyperactivity that impair social, academic, or occupational functioning.
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Question 2

anxiety disorders:

Answer 2

who: Most common of all mental disorders with a 29% lifetime prevalence rate in adults. Females are more likely to develop anxiety disorders
What: Types of anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, specific phobias, agoraphobia, and social anxiety disorder.
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Question 3

anxiety sensitivity

Answer 3

who:
What: Anxiety sensitivity is the misinterpretation of physical signs of anxiety where individuals fear sensations that are associated with anxiety because they believe they will lead to negative consequences.
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Question 4

bipolar I vs bipolar II

Answer 4

who: Equally common in men and women, the common age of onset is between 15 and 30
what: Bipolar 1 shows at least one manic episode in lifetime and it is possible to meet criteria without having experienced a depressive episode. Bipolar 2 involved major depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes without a history of manic episodes.
when:
where:
why:

Question 5

borderline personality disorder

Answer 5

Who:
What:
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Question 6

case study

Answer 6

who: A single individual being studied
What: A highly detailed description of an individual
when: usually used to investigate cases that are rare, unusual, or extreme conditions.
where:
why: can yield information regarding “normal” psychological phenomenon

Question 7

categorical vs dimensional diagnosis

Question 8

comorbidity

Question 9

competency to stand trial

Answer 9

who: Regarding the individual accused of a crime
What: Criminal competence requires that individuals must be able to understand the charges against them and must be able to assist in their own defense.
When: Occur before the trial after concern is raised about a defendants competency or upon request.
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Question 10

diagnosis

Answer 10

Who:
What: A diagnosis is a determination that a person symptoms or presenting problem classify with a particular disorder or syndrome usually within the DSM 5. Labels of diagnosis make it easier for clinicians to communicate. However diagnosis can carry a negative connotation and not all fit perfect.
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Question 11

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Answer 11

who: Published by the American Psychiatric Association
What: a classification system used as a diagnostic tool of mental health disorders. The DSM provides criteria in a generally categorical system based on symptoms.
When: The DSM is used when attempting to develop a diagnosis and treatment plan as well as when formulating patient information for insurance plans.
Where: The DSM is used by clinical and mental health professional in private practices, hospitals, and other clinical settings as well as for research and training.
Why: The DSM serves as a standardized tool to diagnose mental health disorders that can ensure consistency throughout mental health professionals.

Question 12

diathesis-stress

Question 13

differential diagnosis

Question 14

dissociative disorders:

Question 15

dopamine

Question 16

eating disorders:

Answer 16

who: More prevalent in women. Females more likely to desire a thin physique and engage in purging behavior. Males more likely to desire a muscular physique and engage in excessive exercise.
What: Eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder are all characterized by having an unhealthy relationship with food.
When: Typical age of onset for eating disorders is adolescence. The peak age of onset for anorexia is 15 and 19 years. The age of onset for BN is slightly later tan AN.
Where: Dysregulation of SHT system (Serotonin) in the brain may cause symptoms. Sociocultural influences such as the pressure to have a thin/ ideal body shape.
Why:

Question 17

GABA

Question 18

heritability

Question 19

HPA pathway

Question 20

idiographic vs nomothetic assessment/understanding

Question 21

mania

Answer 21

who: Show in individuals with Bipolar 1
What: abnormal mood: high, irritable, or expansive and increased energy/activity. Manic episodes also must have 3 or more mail features such as inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, pressured or increased speech, distractibility, increased goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation, or excessive involvement in activities with potential for painful consequences.
When: symptoms must be shown for 1 week or longer or if hospitalized, before 1 week.
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Question 22

mood disorders:

Question 23

obsessive-compulsive and related disorders:

Question 24

panic attack

Question 25

performance variability

Question 26

personality disorders:

Question 27

positive vs negative symptoms

Answer 27

who: Seen in Patients with Schizophrenia
What: Positive symptoms tend to fluctuate in presence/severity. They include symptoms such as hallucinations or delusions. Negative symptoms tend to be more stable and less responsive to certain types of medication. They include symptoms such as blunted affect and anhedonia.
When: Positive and negative symptoms must last at least 6 months according to diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia
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Question 28

psychosis

Question 29

primary vs secondary gain

Question 30

PTSD

Question 31

remission

Question 32

schizophrenia

Question 33

serotonin

Question 34

state vs trait anxiety

Question 35

substance-related disorders:

Answer 35

who:
What: maladaptive pattern of behaviors related to substance use. Maladaptive behavior categories include impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological criteria such as tolerance and withdrawal.
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Question 36

tolerance vs withdrawal symptoms

Answer 36

who: Occur in individuals who are experiencing substance abuse issues.
What: Tolerance is a state that develops where the user needs to use progressively larger doses of the substances to feel the desired effect because the same amount produces less of an effect. Withdrawal is a physical response to specific substances that can occur after extended, consistent use.
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Question 37

trauma and stress or related disorders: