Restorative Justice

Question 1

Processes in RJ

Answer 1

1. restorative enquiry
2. restorative discussion
3. community conference
4. restorative conference
5. family group conference

Question 2

5 key features

Answer 2

1. respect
2. responsibility
3. repair
4. reintegration
5. relationships

Question 3

Restorative justice conference

Answer 3

• structured meeting
• same set of Q asked by facilitator
• both parties in conflict present
• can bring supporters e.g. parents
• everyone sits in a circle
• all parties reflect on actions

Question 4

Walgrave (2005)

Answer 4

punishment vs. restoration

• punishment does not address what harm has been caused. Consequences not balanced on harm caused

Question 5

Tyler and Blade (2000)

Answer 5

young people feel concerned by their social status. If a child feels disrespected, and unheard, then they feel that there is no sense of justice. Therefore, due to the injustice they feel they have received, they are more likely to do something wrong again

Question 6

Ahmed et al. (2001)

Answer 6

• punishments could stigmatise and blame. BUT reintegrating shows respect and helps achieve responsibility for actions. Respect within institution

Question 7

Starbuck (2008)

Answer 7

• main focus of RJ was on criminology, and looked at reduction in reoffending - significant
• little research looking at effectiveness in schools
• Weiner (2002) - RJ could be due to making attributions as to why behaved in a certain was, and making irrational attributional about other behaviour - reactive bullying (doesn’t take into account proactive bullying)
• pre- conference - wrongdoer said that bully was antagonising, and deserved the response
• post conference - said that wrongdoer made fewer attributions of hostility, and understood victims behaviour
• victim was less angry, and more sympathetic towards wrongdoer
• wrongdoer thought better about self, and not thought of as a bad person

Question 8

McCluskey et al (2008)

Answer 8

restoring relationships

• develops a good school ethos
• interviewed teacher, parents and peers in schools, and found it was more effective in primary compared to secondary schools… why?

Question 9

Payne and Welch (2013)

Answer 9

institutional racism

• methods of discipline should be community building techniques
• schools with more black students are less likely to use RJ techniques

Question 10

Hurley et al (2015)

Answer 10

more funding needed - look at the long and short term impact of RJ - all adults need to be involved - parents, teachers, bus drivers, peers, community etc.

Question 11

Braithwaite (2002)

Answer 11

• response and regulation
• looks at restorative justice, at the needs of the victims and the offenders as well as the community
• aims to get victim satisfaction
• radicalisation - social status - do not have the opportunity to say what they want to say, as they feel they are not respected enough
• need to help to feel as though they belong
• often need to work more with teachers to teach them restorative justice then to the young people
• consequences vary depending on the situation and harm