Cardiovascular Medical Devices Study Guide

Question 1

What is stent restenosis?

Answer 1

re-narrowing of an artery at the stent

Question 2

Name three requirements for a potential stent material

Answer 2

• Structural requirements
• Radial flexibility (necessary during insertion)
• Radial strength
• Appropriate dimensions
• Easy to deploy / position
• Rigid to provide support
• Able to deliver therapeutic agents

Question 3

What is a pacemaker?

Answer 3

A pacemaker is a medical device that uses electrical impulses, delivered by electrodes contacting the heart muscles, to regulate the beating of the heart.

Question 4

Name 3 cardiovascular medical devices

Answer 4

• cardiovascular stents
• pacemaker
• LVAD

Question 5

Describe the process of inserting a stent in a coronary artery

Answer 5

 A type of wire mesh that fits within the artery.
 Inserted during the PTCA procedure
 When the balloon opens up to press the plaque against the artery wall, the stent opens up, too.
 Once the balloon is deflated and pulled out of the artery, the stent stays open and keeps the plaque in place

Question 6

What is the primary purpose of a pacemaker?

Answer 6

The primary purpose of a pacemaker is to maintain an adequate heart rate,

Question 7

What is a Ventricular Assist Device ?

Answer 7

mechanical pump that’s used to support heart function and blood flow in people who have weakened hearts.

Question 8

What important function must a prosthetic hearts perform?

Answer 8

???? pump blood and nutrients throughout the body???

Question 9

Give two pros and cons for the following heart valve designs: mechanincal, and bioprosthetic

Answer 9

mechanical

pro= durability and longevity, lifefspan more than 25 yrs

con=Long term anticoagulation therapy,Risk of thrombosis, Component failure

bioprosthetic

pro= do not require anticoagulation, lower risk of thrombosis

con= progressive risk of valve deterioration, lifespan 10-15 years, not an option for young patients

Question 10

State the four criterion for patient selection for use of an AbioCor artificial heart

Answer 10

 Have end-stage heart failure.
 Have a lifeexpectancy of less than 30 days.  Are not eligible for a natural heart transplant.
 Have no other viable treatment option

Question 11

Briefly describe with diagrams the anatomy and working of the heart.

Answer 11

????????????

Question 12

State and describe two devices that are used for the management of congestive heart failure.

Answer 12

LVAD - implanted mechanical device that helps the heart pump blood

total artifical heart replacement- heart may be replaced with a device such as abicor.

Question 13

Describe two mechanical heart valve designs

Answer 13

bi-leaflet - two flaps

tri-leaflet- 3 flaps

Question 14

State and describe the two possible septal defects in a heart and a device used to treat this condition.

Answer 14

1. atrial septal defect- a communication between two atria chambers giving rise to mixing of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood
2. ventral setpal defect- defect between two ventricles
   * the septal occulder is one device used to treat this or ASD closure device