BIG GIGANTIC TEST

Question 1

Joseph McCarthy

Answer 1

The man who was paranoid about communists so he insisted that many government employees were commies but he never found any proof.

Question 2

Alger Hiss

Answer 2

A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy (giving classified documents to the Soviets) and was convicted of perjury. The case was prosecuted by Richard Nixon.

Question 3

Mao Zedong

Answer 3

Mao Zedong Chinese communist leader (1893-1976)

Question 4

Dwight D. Eisrnhower

Answer 4

Former U.S General who led the Allied forces in D-Day during WWII who was the Republican candidate for president in the election of 1952 with the slogan “I like Ike”. As president, he filled his cabinet with successful corporate executives and was criticized for leaving important decisions to others, although proven untrue. In domestic policies, he described his approach as “modern Republicanism”, and authorized the interstate highway system. He left business alone to prosper, which it did. His foreign affairs mostly concerned the Cold War and adopted the _________ Doctrine. He won reelection in 1956.

Question 5

The U-2 INcident

Answer 5

1960; an American U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. The U.S. denied the true purpose of the plane at first, but was forced to when the Soviets produced the living pilot and the largely intact plane to validate their claim of being spied on aerially. The incident worsened East-West relations during the Cold War and was a great embarrassment for the United States.

Question 6

Henry Wallace

Answer 6

A former Democratic and VP under FDR, who ran on the New Progressive Party due to his disagreement on Truman’s policy with the Soviets. He caused the Democratic party to split even more during the election season.

Question 7

Governor Thomas Dewey

Answer 7

Republican candidate for pres in both 1944 (lost to FDR) and 1948, where he lost to Truman in a big upset

Question 8

Hotline

Answer 8

There was a landline phone placed in the oval office that was directly connected to the soviets

Question 9

Republican Presidential Candidates in 1964

Answer 9

Lyndon Johnson and Barry Goldwater. Johnson won by a landslide

Question 10

Democratic Presidential Candidates in 1968

Answer 10

Richard Nixon and Hubert Humphrey. Nixon won

Question 11

Lee Harvey Oswald

Answer 11

Shot JFK and then was shot and killed while being arrested Died in the same hospital.

Question 12

Fragging

Answer 12

Intentionally killing officers who ordered them to combat

Question 13

Viet Cong Guerrillas

Answer 13

Vietcong A group of Communist guerrillas who, with the help of North Vietnam, fought against the South Vietnamese government in the Vietnam War. AKA the National Liberation Front.

Question 14

Lt. William Calley

Answer 14

William Calley - the young lieutenant in command who was court-martialed, sentenced to life imprisonment, then released to his barracks at Nixon’s order and eventually patrolled

Question 15

“Long Hot Summers”

Answer 15

in the 60’s the riots became expressions of black discontent. National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (the Kerner Commission) reported 130 separate race riots in the summer of 1967 alone — now initiated by blacks in response to police brutality, poor housing, no jobs, and exclusion from the benefits and promises of American life

Question 16

Camelot

Answer 16

The term “Camelot” was applied to the presidency of John F. Kennedy (1917-1963) by his wife, Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy (1929-1994). Camelot refers to the seat of the court of the legendary King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table; it has come to mean a place or time of idyllic happiness. (Arthur was a British king; the Round Table was the name for his knights.) Shortly after John F. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, the former first lady was talking with a journalist. She described the years of her husband’s presidency (1960-63) as an American Camelot, a period of hope and optimism in U. S. history, and asked that his memory be preserved. She had shown fortitude (ability to deal with adversity or pain) and grace as she guided her family and the country through the president’s funeral and was one of America’s most beloved first ladies.

Question 17

OPEC

Answer 17

OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries: a permanent, intergovernmental Organization, created at the Baghdad Conference on September 10-14, 1960. Basically, it expresses the interests of countries that export oil , as seen through its ability to control oil prices. Controversial activity by the group can be seen in the 1973 oil crisis.

Question 18

Congress of Racial Equality

Answer 18

Congress of Racial Equality. Nonviolent civil rights organization founded in 1942 and committed to the “Double V” campaign, or victory over fascism abroad and racism at home. After World War II, CORE became a major force in the civil rights movement.

Question 19

Black Panthers

Answer 19

A black political organization that was against peaceful protest and for violence if needed. The organization marked a shift in policy of the black movement, favoring militant ideals rather than peaceful protest.

Question 20

President Truman

Answer 20

d

Question 21

Subversion

Answer 21

d

Question 22

Chiang Kai-shek

Answer 22

d

Question 23

Nikita Khrushchev

Answer 23

f

Question 24

Sputnik

Answer 24

1957, Soviets launch first satellite into space; scares US, behind in technology; begins Space Race

Question 25

Jack Kerouac’s On the Road

Answer 25

d

Question 26

Fidel Castro

Answer 26

Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927)

Question 27

Shah of Iran

Answer 27

Shah of Iran Repressive pro-Western ruler whose 1979 overthrow precipitated a crisis for the United States

Question 28

Ayatollah Khomeini

Answer 28

An Iranian religious leader and politician, and leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution who saw the overthrow of the Shah of Iran. Following the revolution, he became the country’s Supreme Leader — a position created in the constitution as the highest ranking political and religious authority of the nation — until his death. He was known for his support of the hostage takers during the Iran hostage crisis and has been criticized violations of human rights of Iranians.

Question 29

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Answer 29

Civil-rights organization founded in 1957 by Martin Luther King, Jr., and headed by him until his assassination in 1968. Composed largely of African-American clergy from the South and an outgrowth of the Montgomery, Ala., bus boycott that King had led, it advocated nonviolent passive resistance as the means of securing equality for African Americans. It sponsored the massive march on Washington in 1963.

Question 30

NAACP

Answer 30

(National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) created in 1909 by a group of liberals (including Du Bois, Jane Addams and John Dewey) to eradicate racial discrimination

Question 31

Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee

Answer 31

d

Question 32

The Containment Policy

Answer 32

The goal was to keep communism from spreading.

Question 33

The Marshall Plan

Answer 33

Marshall Plan Introduced by Secretary of State George G. Marshall in 1947, he proposed massive and systematic American economic aid to Europe to revitalize the European economies after WWII and help prevent the spread of Communism.

Question 34

The Truman Doctrine

Answer 34

1947, containment; US will “contain” Soviets in Greece and turkey- support free peoples; $400 million to stop them from falling to communism

Question 35

McCarthyism

Answer 35

The term associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy who led the search for communists in America during the early 1950s; the use of fear to destroy political opponents with smear of communism

Question 36

The events leading up to the Korean War

Answer 36

d

Question 37

U.N motion on Korea

Answer 37

f

Question 38

The Dixiecrats

Answer 38

Dixiecrats, 1948 fought for old Southern way of life (states’ rights), attempted to gain higher standing within Democratic party; aimed to deny Truman enough electoral votes to avoid his reelection by nominating Strom Thurmond (SC governor)

Question 39

Eisenhower’s Farewell Address

Answer 39

Warns of connection between businesses and military; fear of military becoming too powerful

Question 40

1950’s society’s impact on families and women

Answer 40

enormous emphasis on family life in the 1950s reenforced prejudices against women entering professions, women having jobs seemed demeaning to their husbands, prevailing ideas about motherhood seemed to require women to stay home full-time. many forced to leave industrial jobs to make way for returning veterans.

but # of married women working actually increased after WWII out of middle-class need for more income (pink collar jobs)

Question 41

Reasons to move to the suburbs

Answer 41

Levitowns were new American suburbs where almost anyone can afford a home; small houses built using mass production techniques.

Question 42

How Harry Truman aided Civil Rights

Answer 42

desegregating the armed forces.

Question 43

The Civil Rights Act of 1957

Answer 43

which established a Civil Rights Commission but had little real effect and was mostly symbolic

Question 44

The Bay of Pigs invasion

Answer 44

1961, CIA trained 1400 Cuban exiles to retake Cuba from Castro; failed miserably, embarrassment

Question 45

Methods of Martin Luther King Jr

Answer 45

All non-violent methods. boycotts, sit-ins, marches

Question 46

Methods of Malcom X

Answer 46

spread ideas of black nationalism. disagreed w/ both the tactics and goals of the early civil rights movement. minister of the nation of isam. rejected his original name because it was his family’s slave name

Question 47

Domino Theory

Answer 47

A 20th Century Foreign Policytheory, promoted by the government of the United States that speculated if one land in a region came under the influence of Communists, then more would follow in a domino

Question 48

Detente

Answer 48

The general easing of relations between the Soviet Union and the United States in 1971, a thawing at a period roughly in the middle of the Cold War. The period was characterized by the signing of treaties such as the SALT I and the Helsinki Agreement. It ended after the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan. Its success in establishing peace are debatable, though it did take a step in the right direction.

Question 49

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 49

Civil Rights Act 1964 Banned discrimination in public accomodations, prohibited discrimination in any federally assisted program, outlawed discrimination in most employment; enlarged federal powers to protect voting rights and to speed school desegregation; this and the voting rights act helped to give African-Americans equality on paper, and more federally-protected power so that social equality was a more realistic goal.

Question 50

Saturday Night Massacre

Answer 50

dismissal of independent special prosecutor Archibald Cox, and the resignations of Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus during the Watergate scandal 1973

Question 51

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Answer 51

This gave the president authority to take “all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against forces of the United States.”

Question 52

Tet Offensive

Answer 52

1968, North Vietnam launched a huge attack on US-held areas in South Vietnam; public support for war plumetted as they realized that the war would not be quick

Question 53

War Powers Act

Answer 53

War Powers Act 1973, Congress responded to the Johnson and Nixon administrations’ escalation of the conflict and lies to the American public; required president to get congressional approval within 60 days of troop deployment in an area of conflict; a check on presidential power- pretty much worthless

Question 54

My Lai Massacre

Answer 54

1968 massacre of a village in Vietnam in which US soldiers brutally killed 350 civilians; greatly damaged morale and war support.

Question 55

Alliance for progress

Answer 55

a program in which the United States tried to help Latin American countries overcome poverty and other problems, 1961-63; JFK economic policy towards S.America, 10 yr. development plan where JFK promised Latin Amer. leaders that U.S. would

Question 56

The fall of Saigon

Answer 56

dfinal assault of north vietnamese on south Vietnam’s capital city in 1975; occasion of surrender of South Vietnam

Question 57

The presidency of Gerald Ford

Answer 57

president 1974-77, Nixon’s Vice president, only person not voted into the White House, appointed vice president by Nixon: became president after Nixon resigned

Question 58

Camp David Accords

Answer 58

Camp David Accords The Camp David Accords were the peace accords signed by Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat to finally end the Israeli-Egyptian disputes. The achievement by Carter is considered his greatest achievement in office.

Question 59

Flexible Response

Answer 59

Opposite of brinksmanship. Instead of going balls to the wall we thought about other solutions to foreign conflict.

Question 60

The United Nations Security Council

Answer 60

coordinated the making of foreign policy in the Cold War

Question 61

Cubam Missile Crises

Answer 61

The Cuban Missile Crisis was an incident where Soviet missiles were placed in Cuba as a response for help. The event greatly increased tensions between the Soviets and the Americans. As a result, a hotline was established between the two nations to avoid any accidents.

Question 62

Helsinki Accords

Answer 62

• Ford and leaders from 34 other nations signed these in July ‘75
• Officially wrote an end to WWII by finally legitimizing the Soviet-dictated boundaries of Poland and other Eastern European countries
• Soviets guaranteed more liberal exchanges of people and information between East and West and protecting certain basic “human rights”
• Kindled small dissident movements in Eastern Europe and in the USSR
• Praised as a milestone of detente

Question 63

The presidency of Jimmy Carter

Answer 63

he defeated Gerald Ford in 1976. As President, he arranged the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel in 1978 but saw his foreign policy legacy tarnished by the Iranian Revolution and hostage crisis in 1979. Domestically, he tried to rally the American spirit in the face of economic decline, but was unable to stop the rapid increase in inflation.

Question 64

The Great Society

Answer 64

the Great Society was inspired by JFK and prompted by LBJ’s insecure need to win over the American people. Largely successful in the first two years of the Johnson administration, the idealism would later give way to virulent conservatism and a return to traditional values.

Question 65

The BErlin Blockade

Answer 65

In 1948, (West) Berlin was blocked off by the Soviet Union in order to strangle the Allied forces. In order to combat this, the United States began to airlift supplies into the Western-controlled portions of Berlin.
Sig: Occurred before the wall was built, airlifts occurred every 4 minutes.

Question 66

Watergate

Answer 66

Watergate is a name given to the scandal the Nixon administration committed during the ‘72 presidential election where hired “goons” broke into Democrat HQ at Watergate hotel for any dirt. This scandal revealed several other dirty plays Nixon’s administration did the years leading up to the election and forced him to resign and killed the faith the public had in the government.